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Statue of a Lion from Halicarnassus
Image by Osama Shukir Muhammed Amin

Statue of a Lion from Halicarnassus

This marble statue of a lion came from the Mausoleum at Halicarnassus, Bodrum, in modern-day Turkey. Late Classical Period, circa mid-4th century BCE. (Museum of Archaeology, Istanbul, Turkey).
7 Wonders of the Ancient World
Video by Kelly Macquire

7 Wonders of the Ancient World

The seven wonders of the ancient world were: The Great Pyramid of Giza The Hanging Gardens of Babylon The Statue of Zeus at Olympia The Temple of Artemis at Ephesus The Mausoleum at Halicarnassus The Colossus of Rhodes The Lighthouse...
The Treasury, Petra
Image by Carole Raddato

The Treasury, Petra

The so-called Treasury (Khazneh) in Petra, Jordan. The Treasury's rock-cut, two-storied façade is 24.9 m wide and almost 40 m high and strongly embodies the Hellenistic style and reflects the influence of Alexandria. Both stories are embellished...
Byzantine Empire
Definition by Mark Cartwright

Byzantine Empire

The Byzantine Empire existed from 330 to 1453. It is often called the Eastern Roman Empire or simply Byzantium. The Byzantine capital was founded at Constantinople by Constantine I (r. 306-337). The Byzantine Empire varied in size over the...
Xia Dynasty
Definition by Emily Mark

Xia Dynasty

The Xia Dynasty (c. 2070-1600 BCE) was the first government to emerge in ancient China and the first to adopt the policy of dynastic succession. Consequently, the Xia was the first dynasty of China. Long regarded as a mythical construct of...
Asia Minor
Definition by Joshua J. Mark

Asia Minor

Ancient Asia Minor is a geographic region located in the south-western part of Asia comprising most of present-day Turkey. The earliest reference to the region comes from tablets of the Akkadian Dynasty (2334-2083 BCE) where it was known...
Queen Victoria
Definition by Mark Cartwright

Queen Victoria

Queen Victoria of Great Britain (r. 1837-1901) was one of the most loved of all Britain's monarchs. Her longevity, devotion to her role as figurehead of an empire, and recovery from the death of her beloved husband Prince Albert won her a...
Agrippina the Elder
Definition by Harrison W. Mark

Agrippina the Elder - Daughter of the Caesars

Agrippina the Elder (14 BCE to 33 CE), as the granddaughter of Emperor Augustus and the wife of the popular general Germanicus, wielded significant influence in the early years of the Roman Empire and was a major player in the internal politics...
Inca Religion
Definition by Mark Cartwright

Inca Religion

For the Incas, as with many other ancient cultures, religion was inseparable from politics, history, and society in general. All facets of community life were closely connected to religious beliefs, from marriages to agriculture, government...
Windsor Castle
Definition by Mark Cartwright

Windsor Castle

Windsor Castle is located in Berkshire, England, and was built as a motte and bailey castle by William the Conqueror (r. 1066-1087). Converted into stone by Henry II of England (r. 1165-1179), the shell keep tower was rebuilt by Edward III...
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