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The Seraphim Mosaic
Image by Hagia Sophia Research Team

The Seraphim Mosaic

The Seraphim Mosaic, Hagia Sophia, Istanbul. Around the Pantocrator mosaic from the 9th century CE which was on the central dome. The "seraphim’’ are depicted in red.
Mystras
Definition by Michael Goodyear

Mystras

The city of Mystras (or Mistras) in southern Greece was the provincial capital of the Byzantine Despotate of the Morea from the 13th through the 15th centuries CE. It was founded in 1249 CE by William II of Villehardouin, and it served as...
Saint Cyril
Definition by Mark Cartwright

Saint Cyril

Saint Cyril (aka Kyrillos and Constantine the Philosopher, d. 867 CE) was a Byzantine linguist, teacher, scholar and missionary who famously preached Christianity to the Slavs in Moravia with his brother Methodius during the 9th century CE...
1453: The Fall of Constantinople
Article by Mark Cartwright

1453: The Fall of Constantinople

The city of Constantinople (modern Istanbul) was founded by Roman emperor Constantine I in 324 CE and it acted as the capital of the Eastern Roman Empire, or Byzantine Empire as it has later become known, for well over 1,000 years. Although...
Minoan Frescoes
Article by Mark Cartwright

Minoan Frescoes

Frescoes are the source of some of the most striking imagery handed down to us from the Minoan civilization of Bronze Age Crete (2000-1500 BCE). Further, without written records, they are often the only source, along with decorated pottery...
Capitals of the Roman Empire: Constantinople & Rome 
Article by Greg Woolf / Oxford University Press

Capitals of the Roman Empire: Constantinople & Rome 

Constantinople at first had much in common with the temporary capitals of the 2nd and 3rd century CE and the tetrarchic capitals. It was an existing city of medium size, well located on the road network, and unlike most of them, it was also...
Byzantium
Definition by Donald L. Wasson

Byzantium

The ancient city of Byzantium was founded by Greek colonists from Megara around 657 BCE. According to the historian Tacitus, it was built on the European side of the Strait of Bosporus on the order of the “god of Delphi” who said to build...
Byzantine Empress Zoe
Image by Myrabella

Byzantine Empress Zoe

Mosaic from the Hagia Sophia in modern-day Istanbul (previously Constantinople), Turkey, depicting Zoe, empress of the Byzantine Empire from 1028-1050 CE. She was the daughter of Constantine VIII (r. 1025-1028 CE).
Calligraphy of Abu Bakr
Image by Petermaleh

Calligraphy of Abu Bakr

The vector version of the iconic calligraphy of the founder of the Rashidun Caliphate, Abu Bakr (c. 573 CE – 634 CE), which is prominent in the Hagia Sophia in Istanbul, Turkey.
Byzantine Empress Irene
Image by aninimus

Byzantine Empress Irene

Depiction of Byzantine Empress Irene, the wife of Emperor John II (r. 1118-1143 CE) as found in the Hagia Sophia in modern-day Istanbul (previously Constantinople), Turkey.
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