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The First Crusade (1096–1099) marked the beginning of a series of military campaigns launched by Western European Christians in response to Pope Urban II's appeal at the Council of Clermont (1095). The goal was to recapture Jerusalem and...

These maps illustrate the trajectory of the early Crusades (1096–1192), a series of military campaigns launched by the medieval Latin Church with the declared goal of reclaiming the Holy Land—centered between the Mediterranean Sea and the...

The First Triumvirate was an informal and secret political alliance formed in 60 BCE between three of Rome's most powerful figures: Julius Caesar, Pompey the Great, and Marcus Licinius Crassus. This alliance allowed them to bypass the Roman...

No Man's Land, illustration by Lucien Jonas, 1927. Lucien Jonas was a French artist appointed as an official military painter after being mobilized in 1914, becoming one of the most prolific and renowned wartime artists of the First World...

The First Continental Congress, held by delegates from 12 of the 13 British colonies of North America from 5 September to 26 October 1774. The mural depicts Patrick Henry delivering a speech during the Congress at Carpenter's Hall in Philadelphia...

The troop dispositions of the Royalists (red) and Parliamentarians (blue) at the indecisive First Battle of Newbury in September 1643 during the English Civil Wars (1642-51). (1844 illustration by Walter Money)

This is a door-shaped limestone stele of a priestess of the goddess Hathor. First Intermediate Period, 2134-2040 BCE. From Egypt. (Ancient Orient Museum, Istanbul, Turkey).

This 1795 painting depicts the famous naval battle of the Glorious First of June (1794). In this battle, the British navy, under the command of Admiral Richard Howe defeated the French navy during the Revolutionary Wars. This painting captures...

A photograph of a defensive position of the British Eighth Army at the First Battle of El Alamein (July 1942) during the Western Desert Campaigns (June 1940 to January 1943) in North Africa. (Imperial War Museums)

Aethelred I ruled the Kingdom of Wessex (southern England) from 865 to 871 and led the English resistance to the Viking invasions of Britain. He won the first English victory over the Great Heathen Army at the Battle of Ashdown (871), for...