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Stephen F. Austin - Reluctant Father of Texas
Stephen Fuller Austin (1793-1836) has been known, since shortly after his death, as the "Father of Texas," as he was not only the first to lead Anglo-American settlers to the region and establish colonies but also endured the hardships of...
Article
First Battle of Newbury
The First Battle of Newbury on 20 September 1643 was a major engagement between Royalist and Parliamentarian armies during the English Civil Wars (1642-1651). The Royalist forces loyal to Charles I of England (r. 1625-1649) were led by Prince...
Article
The Battle of Kadesh & the First Peace Treaty
Ramesses II (The Great, 1279-1213 BCE) ruled Egypt for 67 years and, today, the Egyptian landscape still bears testimony to the prosperity of his reign in the many temples and monuments he had built in honor of his conquests and accomplishments...
Image
Anglo-Saxon Shield fittings
These fittings were originally attached to the front of a circular wooden shield. The iron boss was in the center with the decorative circular mounts arranged in 2 groups around it. The gilded silver mounts, shaped like an aquatic creature...
Article
The First Labor Strike in History
The most important cultural value in ancient Egypt was harmony; known to the Egyptians as ma'at. Ma'at was the concept of universal, communal, and personal balance which allowed for the world to function as it should according to the will...
Article
The Invention of the First Coinage in Ancient Lydia
Money may take many forms, from the digital code of cryptocurrency to the woodpecker scalps favoured in early California. People have also used cattle, cacao beans, cowrie shells, chewing gum, grain, and giant stones as money. Early cultures...
Article
Gobekli Tepe - the World's First Temple?
Located in modern Turkey, Göbekli Tepe is one of the most important archaeological sites in the world. The discovery of this stunning 10,000 year old site in the 1990s CE sent shock waves through the archaeological world and beyond, with...
Teaching Material
Enheduanna, the World's First Author Known by Name
This lesson introduces students to Enheduanna, an important but lesser-known female poet and her contributions to literature and history. Students will also consider how the role of women in history might change in various times and locations...
Article
William the Conqueror's Harrying of the North
By the end of 1066 CE William the Conqueror had won a decisive victory at the Battle of Hastings, subdued the south-east of England and been crowned King William I in Westminster Abbey but there remained rebellion in the air throughout 1067...
Video
Anglo-Powhatan Wars | 3 Minute History
A brief discussion of the Anglo-Powhatan Wars sponsored by Great Courses.