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Apophis
Definition by Joshua J. Mark

Apophis

Apophis (also known as Apep) is the Great Serpent, enemy of the sun god Ra, in ancient Egyptian religion. The sun was Ra's great barge which sailed through the sky from dawn to dusk and then descended into the underworld. As it sailed through...
Bes
Definition by Joshua J. Mark

Bes

Bes is the ancient Egyptian god of childbirth, fertility, sexuality, humor, and war, but served primarily as a protector god of pregnant women and children. He is regularly depicted as a dwarf with large ears, long-haired and bearded, with...
Set the Egyptian God of Chaos, Storms and War
Video by Kelly Macquire

Set the Egyptian God of Chaos, Storms and War

In ancient Egyptian mythology, Set, also known as Seth and Suetekh, was one of the five gods born of Geb, the earth and Nut, the sky, after the creation of the universe. Set was the god of war, chaos, violence, confusion, the desert and storms...
Book of the Heavenly Cow
Definition by Joshua J. Mark

Book of the Heavenly Cow

The Book of the Heavenly Cow is an ancient Egyptian text dealing with the rebellion of humanity against the sun god Ra, his destruction of the rebels through the goddess Hathor, the reversal of this decision and Ra's mercy, and his ascent...
The Five Gifts of Hathor: Gratitude in Ancient Egypt
Article by Joshua J. Mark

The Five Gifts of Hathor: Gratitude in Ancient Egypt

The central cultural value of ancient Egypt was ma'at – harmony and balance – which maintained the order of the universe and the lives of the people. Keeping balance in one's life encouraged the same in one's family and, by extension outward...
Thutmose III
Definition by Joshua J. Mark

Thutmose III

Thutmose III (also known as Tuthmosis III, r. 1458-1425 BCE) was the 6th king of Egypt's 18th Dynasty, one of the greatest military leaders in antiquity, and among the most effective and impressive monarchs in Egypt's history. His throne...
Mummification in Ancient Egypt
Article by Joshua J. Mark

Mummification in Ancient Egypt

The practice of mummifying the dead began in ancient Egypt c. 3500 BCE. The English word mummy comes from the Latin mumia which is derived from the Persian mum meaning 'wax' and refers to an embalmed corpse which was wax-like. The idea of...
Queen Hatshepsut: Daughter of Amun, Pharaoh of Egypt
Article by Joshua J. Mark

Queen Hatshepsut: Daughter of Amun, Pharaoh of Egypt

Hatshepsut, whose name means "Foremost of Noble Women" or "First Among Noble Women" (royal name, Ma'at-ka-re, translated as "spirit of harmony and truth") was the fifth ruler of the 18th Dynasty (r. 1479-1458 BCE). She was the daughter of...
Ancient Egyptian Mortuary Rituals
Article by Joshua J. Mark

Ancient Egyptian Mortuary Rituals

Ever since European archaeologists began excavating in Egypt in the 18th and 19th centuries CE, the ancient culture has been largely associated with death. Even into the mid-20th century CE reputable scholars were still writing on the death-obsessed...
Old Kingdom of Egypt
Definition by Joshua J. Mark

Old Kingdom of Egypt

The Old Kingdom of Egypt (c. 2613-2181 BCE) is also known as the 'Age of the Pyramids' or 'Age of the Pyramid Builders' as it includes the great 4th Dynasty when King Sneferu perfected the art of pyramid building and the pyramids of Giza...
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