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By the 18th century, European power had become truly global through a combination of maritime expansion, state-backed commerce, and military force. The leading Atlantic empires, Spain, Portugal, the Dutch Republic, England, and France, had...

The systematic European colonization of North America unfolded between the first voyages of the 1490s and the outbreak of the French and Indian War in the 1750s. Spanish, French, English, and Dutch ambitions carved up the continent, with...

An illustration by Maia Kobabe showing a Western European Medieval castle. From the novel The Jericho River by David Tollen.

An illustration by Maia Kobabe showing a late victorian European colonialist. From the novel The Jericho River by David Tollen.

Clay figurine found in Chorvátsky Grob, Late Bronze Age. Slovak National Museum, Bratislava. Moon idols (Mondidole), also known as 'firedogs' (Feuerböcke), were clay figurines shaped like a dog or wolf, whose elongated, backward bending...

European exploration had a lot of side effects. When the Old World and the New World began to interact, people, wealth, food, animals, and disease began to flow in both directions. In the New World, countless millions were killed by smallpox...

The Scramble for Africa describes the competition between European imperial powers to first control trade and then territory in Africa in the final two decades of the 19th century. The reasons these powers were interested in Africa included...

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Our European history is going to start around 1500 CE with the Renaissance, but believe it or not, that is not the actual beginning of history in the continent. So, today, we're going to teach you the broad outlines of the so-called Middle...

The European Renaissance may have started in Florence, but it pretty quickly moved out of Italy and spread the art, architecture, literature, and humanism across Europe to places like France, Spain, England, and the Low Countries. SOURCES...