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Charvaka
Definition

Charvaka - The Ancient Indian Philosophy of Hedonism

Charvaka (also given as Carvaka) was a philosophical school of thought developed in ancient India circa 600 BCE, stressing materialism as the means by which one understands life and lives in the world...
Pandavas
Definition

Pandavas

Pandavas were the five powerful and skilled sons of Pandu, the King of Hastinapur and his two wives Kunti and Madri. Hastinapur is equated with the current modern Indian state of Haryana, south of New Delhi. The Pandavas – Yudhistira...
Mahasanghika
Definition

Mahasanghika

Mahasanghika (“Great Congregation”, also given as Mahasamghika) was an early Buddhist school of thought which is thought to have been formed after the Second Buddhist Council of 383 BCE when it separated itself from another school...
Upanishads: Summary & Commentary
Article

Upanishads: Summary & Commentary

The Upanishads are among the best-known philosophical-religious works in the world and also among the oldest as the earliest texts are thought to have been composed between 800-500 BCE. These works are philosophical...
Social, Political & Economic Landscapes in Kautilya's Arthashastra
Article

Social, Political & Economic Landscapes in Kautilya's Arthashastra

The Arthashastra (or Arthaśāstra) is one of the oldest surviving treatises on statecraft. There is considerable debate about the dating and authorship of the text; it underwent compilation...
Siddhartha Gautama
Definition

Siddhartha Gautama

Siddhartha Gautama (better known as the Buddha, l. c. 563 - c. 483 BCE) was, according to legend, a Hindu prince who renounced his position and wealth to seek enlightenment as a spiritual ascetic, attained his goal and, in preaching...
Arjuna
Definition

Arjuna

Arjuna (also given as Arjun) is the great hero of the Indian epic Mahabharata and the philosophical-religious dialogue Bhagavad Gita. His name means “shining”, “silver” and similar terms relating to brightness. He is the most popular...
Hyangga
Definition

Hyangga

Hyangga was a form poetical 'country song,' distinct from contemporary Chinese songs, which were written in the Silla and Goryeo kingdoms of ancient Korea between the 7th and 10th century CE. The indigenous songs cover such topics as...
15 Complete Hyangga Songs from Ancient Korea
Article

15 Complete Hyangga Songs from Ancient Korea

Hyangga was a form poetical 'country song,' distinct from contemporary Chinese songs, which were written in the Silla and Goryeo kingdoms of ancient Korea between the 7th and 10th century CE. The indigenous...
Religion in the Ancient World
Definition

Religion in the Ancient World - Order and the Spiritual Experience

Religion (from the Latin Religio, meaning "restraint," or Relegere, according to Cicero, meaning "to repeat, to read again," or, most likely, Religionem, "to show respect for what is sacred"...
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