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Funerary Relief from Palmyra of a Man and his Son
Image by Osama Shukir Muhammed Amin

Funerary Relief from Palmyra of a Man and his Son

The inscription on this funerary relief says that the two figures are "Yedi Bel" and his son "Zabde'atach". Limestone. Roman Period, 200-273 CE. From Palmyra, in modern-day Syria. (Museum of Archaeology, Istanbul, Turkey).
Attica Cup with Man and Beast
Image by James Blake Wiener

Attica Cup with Man and Beast

This Attica cup was made by the "Colmar Painter" and dates from c. 500-480 BCE. It was made in ancient Greece. (Museo Arqueológico Nacional, Madrid)
Portrait of a Man and Woman from Pompeii
Image by Osama Shukir Muhammed Amin

Portrait of a Man and Woman from Pompeii

This medallion comes from the center of a painted panel. The woman's hairstyle suggests a date in the reign of the Roman Emperor Augustus. From Pompeii, in modern-day Italy. Roman period, made about 20 BCE - 20 CE. Bequeathed by Sir William...
Middle and Southern English Colonies
Definition by Joshua J. Mark

Middle and Southern English Colonies

The establishment of the Middle and Southern English Colonies of North America was encouraged by the earlier English settlements of Jamestown Colony of Virginia in the south (founded 1607) and Plymouth Colony and, especially, Massachusetts...
The Gifts of Isis: Women's Status in Ancient Egypt
Article by Joshua J. Mark

The Gifts of Isis: Women's Status in Ancient Egypt

An inscription on an Egyptian papyrus dating from the 2nd century CE relates that the goddess Isis, bestowing gifts on humanity at the beginning of time, gave as much power and honor to women as she did to men. This brief passage reflects...
Women in Ancient Mesopotamia
Article by Joshua J. Mark

Women in Ancient Mesopotamia - Celebrating the Feminine Principle in the Near East

The lives of women in ancient Mesopotamia cannot be characterized as easily as with other civilizations, owing to the different cultures over time. Generally speaking, though, Mesopotamian women had significant rights, could own businesses...
Civil Constitution of the Clergy
Definition by Harrison W. Mark

Civil Constitution of the Clergy

The Civil Constitution of the Clergy was a law passed in July 1790 during the French Revolution (1789-1799), which caused the immediate subordination of the Catholic Church in France to the French government. An attempt to modernize the Church...
Virginia Slave Laws and Development of Colonial American Slavery
Article by Joshua J. Mark

Virginia Slave Laws and Development of Colonial American Slavery

Racialized chattel slavery developed in the English colonies of North America between 1640-1660 and was fully institutionalized by 1700. Although slavery was practiced in the New England and Middle colonies, and Massachusetts Bay Colony passed...
The Batavian Revolt
Article by Jona Lendering

The Batavian Revolt

Batavian revolt was a rebellion of the Batavians against the Romans in 69-70 CE. After initial successes by their commander Julius Civilis, the Batavians were ultimately defeated by the Roman general Quintus Petillius Cerialis. The year...
The Nûñnĕ′hĭ and Other Spirit Folk
Article by Joshua J. Mark

The Nûñnĕ′hĭ and Other Spirit Folk

The Nûñnĕ′hĭ are the Cherokee "spirit people", similar to the fairy as sometimes depicted in European medieval folklore, and The Nûñnĕ′hĭ and Other Spirit Folk is a collection of anecdotes about them compiled by American ethnographer James...
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