Codex: Did you mean...?

Scandinavians from the island of Gotland began to spread throughout the Baltic region along the Russian rivers in the 700s. While the Vikings of Norway and Denmark from the 8th to 11th centuries are widely recognized as fearsome raiders and...

Eusebius Pamphili (aka Eusebius of Caesarea, 260-340 CE) was a Christian historian, exegete, and polemicist. He became the bishop of Caesarea Maritima in 314 CE and served as court bishop during the reign of Constantine I (r. 306-337 CE...

An illustration from the Florentine Codex depicting Aztecs storing maize.

A scene from the 16th-century Florentine Codex depicting Aztec musicians. Music and dance were an important element of Aztec education and public life.

Chalchiutlicue or "She of the Jade Skirt", ink and natural pigment on agave paper, unknown artist, included in the Codex Borbonicus by unknown Aztec priests, Mexico, 16th century Chalchiuhtlicue was the Aztec goddess of lakes and streams...

Huexotl, ink and paint on parchment, unknown artist, included in the Florentine Codex by Bernardino de Sahagún, Book 11, folio 144v, Mexico, 1577. A willow tree, known as huexotl in Nahuatl, grows from a body of curling blue water. Simple...

Codex Bodleianus (Cod. graec. Misc. 251, Auct. T. 4. 13), Bodleian Library, c. 11th or 12th century CE. The Discourses of Epictetus by Arrian. The large stain on the manuscript on this page (Book 1. 18. 8-11) has made this passage partially...

Axolotl, ink and paint on parchment, unknown artist, included in the Florentine Codex by Bernardino de Sahagún, Mexico, 1577. An axolotl, which was described by the accompanying Spanish textual gloss as a meal fit for the nobility. Described...

Hummingbird drinking nectar, book illustration by unknown artist, included in Bernardino de Sahagún's Florentine Codex, "Book XI: Natural Things," p. 54, 1577. Medicea Laurenziana Library, Florence.

A charm of hummingbirds, book illustration by unknown artist, included in Bernardino de Sahagún's Florentine Codex, "Book XI: Natural Things," p. 53, 1577. Medicea Laurenziana Library, Florence.