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Knights of the Round Table Begin Search for the Holy Grail
"Knights of the Round Table Set Forth on the Search for the Holy Grail" was painted c. 1893-1905 CE. The painting depicts the legendary King Arthur's knights of the Round Table embarking on their...
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John Robinson
John Robinson (l. 1576-1625 CE) was the pastor of the Leiden congregation of separatists, some of whom made up the party (later known as pilgrims) who sailed on the Mayflower in 1620 CE to establish the Plymouth Colony in North...
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Altarpiece of the Holy Blood, Rothenburg
The Altarpiece of the Holy Blood in the church of Saint Jacob, Rothenburg, Germany. Made of glazed limewood by Tilman Riemenschneider (c. 1460-1531), it was completed by 1505. It shows the Last Supper in the...
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Detail of a Holy Shroud from Georgia
Made of silk fabric, gold and silver thread, gold and silk twine, as well as colored silks, this holy shroud or "epitaphios" comes from the Sachkhere, which is located in western Georgia, and dates from the 14th...
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Orleans Cathedral
The Cathedral of the Holy Cross (Sainte-Croix) of Orleans in the Centre-Val de Loire region of France, was first built in the 13th century CE on the site of a series of older churches dating back to the 4th century CE. The cathedral...
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Luther's Speech at the Diet of Worms
Martin Luther's speech at the Diet of Worms (also known as the Here I Stand Speech) is considered one of the greatest pieces of oratory in world history. It was given in response to the council's questions on whether...
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The Printing Press & the Protestant Reformation
The printing press, credited to the German inventor and printer Johannes Gutenberg (l. c. 1398-1468) in the 1450s, became the single most important factor in the success of the Protestant Reformation by...
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The Differences Between Byzantine & Armenian Christianity
Although both the Byzantines and the Armenians were Christian, the types of Christianity they professed had important differences that led to a lack of recognition and tensions between the two...
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Byzantine Empire
The Byzantine Empire existed from 330 to 1453. It is often called the Eastern Roman Empire or simply Byzantium. The Byzantine capital was founded at Constantinople by Constantine I (r. 306-337). The Byzantine Empire varied in...
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First Crusade
The First Crusade (1095-1102) was a military campaign by western European forces to recapture the city of Jerusalem and the Holy Land from Muslim control. Conceived by Pope Urban II following an appeal from the Byzantine emperor...