Central europe: Did you mean...?

During the reign of Queen Elizabeth I (reign 1558–1603), England underwent a decisive commercial transformation, expanding its trade networks across northern and southern Europe at a moment of shifting geopolitical and economic balance. The...

A map of Europe displaying important cities that shaped its history, from antiquity to the present. Cities on the map represent key centers throughout history. Each city represents a distinct period from Athens, Rome, and Constantinople (now...

During World War II (1939-1945), Nazi Germany under Adolf Hitler (rule 1933-1945) carried out the Holocaust, a systematic, state-directed genocide that resulted in the murder of approximately six million Jews, alongside millions of other...

This map illustrates the geopolitical situation in Europe in the lead-up to the Second World War (1939-45) as authoritarianism and totalitarianism were on the rise across the continent, fueled by political instability, economic crises, and...

An illustrated map of medieval and early modern Europe. From the novel The Jericho River by David Tollen.

Cover of The Formidable Women Who Shaped Medieval Europe: Power and Patronage at the Burgundian Court by Susan Abernethy. This is a collection of 31 women who were related by blood, marriage, and politics to the Valois Dukes of Burgundy...

This photo shows a reconstruction of the "Cult Wall" of Ludwigshafen, the oldest mural in Europe. The original painting was created around 3860 BCE, depicting hunting trophies of aurochs and bison, fine textiles, as well as a human torso...

Europe during the most recent glacial, in which the ice sheets reached peak growth between c. 26.500 to c. 19,000 years ago. This is known as the Last Glacial Maximum. Sea levels were lower than today.

The First French Empire, established under Napoleon Bonaparte (Emperor 1804–1814; briefly 1815), represented the high point of French power in Europe following the French Revolution. Through sustained military campaigns and political restructuring...

A map illustrating the situation in Europe around May 1917, during the First World War (World War I or The Great War), as the conflict had already raged on for nearly three years. The United States had recently entered the war, beginning...