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A Short History of Assyria and the Neo-Assyrian Empire
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A Short History of Assyria and the Neo-Assyrian Empire

Assyria has a long history, beginning in northern Mesopotamia and then expanding during the Neo-Assyrian Empire from Mesopotamia through Asia Minor, and down through Egypt. The empire began in the...
Marian Reforms and their Military Effects
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Marian Reforms and their Military Effects

By the end of the II century BC, Rome became the dominant state in the Mediterranean, defeating Carthage, Macedon and the Seleucids, yet the internal problems and the arrival of the Germanic Cimbri showed that...
Assyrian Chariots
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Assyrian Chariots

Assyrian wall panel, from the Central Palace at Nimrud (ancient Kalhu), Mesopotamia, modern-day Iraq, reused later in the South-West Palace, from the reign of Tiglath-Pileser III, c. 728 BCE. One of a series, it shows two disconnected...
Assyrian Soldiers with Nubian Prisoners
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Assyrian Soldiers with Nubian Prisoners

This is a detail of a large gypsum wall panel. The panel depicts the Assyrian attack on a fortress at the Egyptian city of Memphis in 667 BCE. Here the Nubian soldiers of King Taharqa (of the 25th Dynasty) are...
Ancient Persian Government
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Ancient Persian Government

The government of ancient Persia was based on an efficient bureaucracy which combined the centralization of power with the decentralization of administration. The Achaemenid Empire (c. 550-330 BCE) founded by Cyrus the...
Nebuchadnezzar II
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Nebuchadnezzar II

Nebuchadnezzar II (r. 605/604-562 BCE) was the greatest King of ancient Babylon during the period of the Neo-Babylonian Empire (626-539 BCE), succeeding its founder, his father, Nabopolassar (r. 626-605 BCE). He is best known...
Assyrian War Relief Panel, Nimrud
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Assyrian War Relief Panel, Nimrud

Alabaster bas-relief showing Assyrian soldiers playing catch with decapitated heads of their enemies. Neo-Assyrian Period, 865-860 BCE. Detail of Panel 6 (top), Room B, the North-Palace Palace, Nimrud, modern-day...
Assyrian Sickle Sword
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Assyrian Sickle Sword

A bronze Assyrian sickle sword that is believed to have belonged to the Assyrian king Adad Nirari I (r. 1307-1275 BCE), made in northern Mesopotamia, c. 13th century BCE. The blade bears the cuneiform inscription: "Palace...
Assyrian Wall Relief Depicting Musical Instruments
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Assyrian Wall Relief Depicting Musical Instruments

Alabaster bas relief depicting marching shield bearers accompanied by a group of musicians who carry different musical instruments, from Nineveh, northern Mesopotamia, Iraq, Neo-Assyrian Empire, reign...
Assyrian Soldiers with Iron Crowbars
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Assyrian Soldiers with Iron Crowbars

Alabaster bas-relief depicting Assyrian soldiers using iron crowbars. Neo-Assyrian Period, 865-860 BCE. Detail of Panel 4 (bottom), Room B, the North-Palace Palace, Nimrud, modern-day Iraq. (The British Museum...
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