Socialism: Did you mean...?

The Arthashastra (or Arthaśāstra) is one of the oldest surviving treatises on statecraft. There is considerable debate about the dating and authorship of the text; it underwent compilation...

The Law of Associations was adopted by the French Parliament on 3 July 1901 to limit the influence of Catholic teaching orders as the first step toward the formal separation of church and state that would...

Joseph Stalin's Five-Year Plans (1928-50) were a series of state-led initiatives which aimed to grow the economy of the USSR, rapidly industrialise what was still a largely agricultural...

Joseph Stalin's policy to collect private farms into cooperatives and wholly state-owned farms across the USSR began in 1928. Stalin hoped the process of collectivisation would modernise Soviet agriculture...

A 1914 photograph of the Russian revolutionary Vladimir Lenin (1870-1924). Lenin led the Bolshevik faction of socialists in pre-revolution Russia and then seized power in November 1917, becoming head of the Soviet state.

A 1920 photograph of Vladimir Lenin (1870-1924). Lenin led the Bolshevik faction of socialists in pre-revolution Russia and then seized power in November 1917 in the Bolshevik Revolution, becoming head of the Soviet state.

A 1920 photograph of Inessa Armand (1874-1920), a socialist revolutionary and promoter of womens's rights in Russia in the early 20th century.

A 1910 photograph of the Russian socialist and revolutionary Julius Martov (1873-1923) who led the Menshevik faction in pre-revolution Russia.

A May 1917 photograph of Russian Menshevik revolutionaries in exile in Stockholm. Left to Right: Pavel Axelrod, Julius Martov and Alexander Martinov.

A c. 1900 photograph of the Russian socialist revolutionary Alexandra Kollontai (1872-1952). Kollontai served as a minister in the Soviet government of Vladimir Lenin (1870-1924).