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Iranian Revolution
Definition by Scarlett Hart

Iranian Revolution

The Iranian Revolution (1978-1979) was the social movement that arose from widespread and diverse discontent with the monarchic government of Iran. The revolution was fought against the regime of Mohammad Reza Shah (r. 1941-1979), and it...
Robert Clive & Shah Alam
Image by Benjamin West

Robert Clive & Shah Alam

An 1818 painting by Benjamin West showing Robert Clive (1725-1774), Governor General of Bengal and representative of the East India Company, meeting the Mughal emperor Shah Alam in 1765 to gain tax collecting rights. (British Library, London...
Battle of Buxar
Article by Mark Cartwright

Battle of Buxar

The Battle of Buxar (aka Bhaksar or Baksar) in Bihar, northeast India, on 22-23 October 1764 saw a British East India Company (EIC) army led by Hector Munro (1726-1805) gain victory against the combined forces of the Nawab of Awadh (aka Oudh...
Royal Women in the Mughal Empire
Article by Patit Paban Mishra

Royal Women in the Mughal Empire

It was not only the Mughal emperors that left an indelible mark in the history of the Indian subcontinent but also the queens and princesses. The latter's contributions to art, architecture, literature, cuisine, refinement, and administrative...
Mandu - City of Joy
Article by Aadil Khan

Mandu - City of Joy

The city of Mandu is situated about 35 km from Dhar in the Madhya Pradesh region of northern-central India. Most of the city's monuments date to the 15th and 16th century CE. The city is located on a hill which rises 633 m above the sea level...
Tughlaq Dynasty
Definition by Patit Paban Mishra

Tughlaq Dynasty

The Tughlaq dynasty (also spelt Tughluq), ruled the Delhi sultanate from 1320 to 1413. Followed by the Khalji dynasty and preceded by the Sayyids, the Tughlaq dynasty formed an important period in the history and culture of the Sultanate...
First Anglo-Afghan War
Definition by Mark Cartwright

First Anglo-Afghan War

The First Anglo-Afghan War (1838-42) was fought between the British East India Company (EIC) and, the Emirate of Afghanistan, the ultimate victor. The British were keen to control Afghanistan as they feared Russian expansion into South Asia...
The Emperor Shah Jahan as a Prince
Image by Victoria & Albert Museum

The Emperor Shah Jahan as a Prince

The third Mughal Emperor Akbar's (1540-1605) grandson Shah Jahan (1592-1666) as a young prince. He would become the fifth Mughal Emperor and hold the title of Shah Jahan the Magnificient. Opaque watercolour and gold on paper, by Abu'l Hasan...
Coronation of Malik-Shah I
Image by Rashid al-Din Hamadani

Coronation of Malik-Shah I

Coronation of Malik-Shah I (1055-1092 CE), sultan of the Seljuk Empire. This miniature is from the Jami' al-Tawarikh (Compendium of Chronicles), a world history book by Rashid al-Din, completed in Tabriz circa 1307 CE. Edinburgh University...
Reza Shah in Persepolis
Image by Unknown Photographer

Reza Shah in Persepolis

Reza Shah Pahlavi (r. 1925-1941) and his son and successor Mohammad Reza (r. 1941-1979) in Persepolis, c. 1939.
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