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![Ptolemaic Trade Networks in the Late 1st Century BCE](https://www.worldhistory.org/img/c/p/360x202/9047.png?v=1631457903)
Image
Ptolemaic Trade Networks in the Late 1st Century BCE
This map illustrates the trading networks which connected the Ptolemaic Kingdom to South Asia and East Africa by the second half of the 1st century BCE. During this time period, Ptolemaic Egypt was a major player in the spice trade which...
![Map of the Ptolemaic World](https://www.worldhistory.org/img/c/p/360x202/326.jpg?v=1713728107)
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Map of the Ptolemaic World
A map showing the known world at the time of the Ptolemaic Empire, ca. 300 BC.
![Sasanian Empire](https://www.worldhistory.org/img/c/p/360x202/16853.png?v=1694729224)
Definition
Sasanian Empire
The Sasanian Empire (224-651 CE, also given as Sassanian, Sasanid or Sassanid) was the last pre-Islamic Persian empire, established in 224 CE by Ardeshir I, son of Papak, descendant of Sasan. The Empire lasted until 651 CE when it was overthrown...
![Ottoman Empire](https://www.worldhistory.org/img/c/p/360x202/12481.png?v=1715643243)
Definition
Ottoman Empire
The Ottoman Sultanate (1299-1922 as an empire; 1922-1924 as caliphate only), also referred to as the Ottoman Empire, written in Turkish as Osmanlı Devleti, was a Turkic imperial state that was conceived by and named after Osman (l. 1258-1326...
![Holy Roman Empire](https://www.worldhistory.org/img/c/p/360x202/13696.jpeg?v=1719165184)
Definition
Holy Roman Empire
The Holy Roman Empire officially lasted from 962 to 1806. It was one of Europe’s largest medieval and early modern states, but its power base was unstable and continually shifting. The Holy Roman Empire was not a unitary state, but a confederation...
![Ptolemaic King](https://www.worldhistory.org/img/c/p/360x202/659.jpg?v=1705109766)
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Ptolemaic King
Limestone head of Ptolemaic King, 2nd to 1st century BCE, Medinet Madi. (Egyptian Museum, Castello Sforzesco, Milan)
![The Ideology of the Holy Roman Empire](https://www.worldhistory.org/img/c/p/360x202/14188.png?v=1709373486)
Article
The Ideology of the Holy Roman Empire
"The Holy Roman Empire was in no way holy, nor Roman, nor an empire," wrote Voltaire, and this interpretation still dominates the popular imagination, so the Holy Roman Empire is treated as a bad joke, a pale parody of the glory of Rome...
![Ptolemy of Mauretania](https://www.worldhistory.org/img/c/p/360x202/10505.jpg?v=1720505532)
Definition
Ptolemy of Mauretania
Ptolemy of Mauretania (r. 23-40 CE) was king of Mauretania and one of the last surviving members of the Ptolemaic dynasty. His father Juba II (c. 48 BCE to 23 CE) was a Numidian royal and his mother Cleopatra Selene II (40 to c. 5 BCE) was...
![Mali Empire](https://www.worldhistory.org/img/c/p/360x202/10144.jpg?v=1720557363)
Definition
Mali Empire
The Mali Empire (1240-1645) of West Africa was founded by Sundiata Keita (r. 1230-1255) following his victory over the kingdom of Sosso (c. 1180-1235). Sundiata's centralised government, diplomacy and well-trained army permitted a massive...
![Interview: Rome Strategy of Empire by James Lacey](https://www.worldhistory.org/img/c/p/360x202/16213.jpg?v=1676373963)
Interview
Interview: Rome Strategy of Empire by James Lacey
In this interview, World History Encyclopedia sits down with author James Lacey to chat about his new book Rome: Strategy of Empire published by Oxford University Press. Kelly: Can you tell us a little bit about your background...