Poland: Did you mean...?

Metsamor, which is located 32 km (20 mi) west of Yerevan, Armenia is one of the most interesting archaeological sites in the Caucasus. While first settled and founded as a Bronze Age city, people continuously inhabited Metsamor through Urartian...

A 1778 oil-on-canvas painting, Church of the Holy Cross in Warsaw, by Bernardo Bellotto. (Royal Castle, Warsaw)

Polonia 1863 (Poland Enchained), oil on canvas painting by Jan Matejko, 1864. Depicted in Matejko's allegorical artwork is the ill-fated January Uprising of 1863, with the central figure in black, a personification of Poland, resting her...

Medieval and early modern buildings in Gdańsk (Poland). When these buildings were constructed, Gdańsk was still part of Poland, but the city's inhabitants were mainly German-speakers and called the city Danzig. Photo by Reinhold Möller, 2007...

Peter I of Russia (Peter the Great) was the Tsar of Russia from 1682-1721 and Emperor of Russia from 1721-1725. During his long reign, Peter had absolute power and brought real change to Russia, including building its first navy, introducing...

Jean-Jacques Rousseau (1712-1778) was a Swiss philosopher whose work both praised and criticised the Enlightenment movement. Although a believer in the power of reason, science, and the arts, Rousseau was convinced that a flourishing culture...

Nicolaus Copernicus (1473-1543 CE) was a Polish astronomer who famously proposed that the Earth and other planets revolved around the Sun in a heliocentric system and not, as then widely thought, in a geocentric system where the Earth is...

The Goths were a Germanic tribe who are frequently referenced for their part in the fall of the Roman Empire and their subsequent rise to power in the region of northern Europe, initially in Italy. Prior to their contact with Rome they must...

The Paris Peace Conference, held from January 1919 to January 1920 and attended by the victorious Allied powers, debated and agreed the terms of the peace settlement that formally ended the First World War (1914-18). As four empires were...

Einsatzgruppen ('deployment groups') were secret Nazi killing units, who systematically sought out and murdered civilians identified as enemies of the Third Reich. Operating without any legal restrictions in territories newly conquered by...