Poland: Did you mean...?

The Polish-Lithuanian Republic (1569-1795) was one of the largest and most populous states in Early Modern Europe, yet in 1795, its last remnants were partitioned between Austria, Prussia, and Russia. Here we take a look at the reasons why...

The leader of Nazi Germany Adolf Hitler (1889-1945) ordered the invasion of Poland on 1 September 1939. Hitler's refusal to withdraw brought a declaration of war from Britain and France on 3 September, and so began the Second World War (1939-45...

Prince Józef Poniatowski (1763-1813) was a Polish soldier and patriot, who served as commander-in-chief of the Polish army during the Napoleonic Wars (1803-1815). A steadfast ally of French Emperor Napoleon I (r. 1804-1814; 1815), Poniatowski...

A map showing the Polish-Lithuanian Republic at its greatest territorial extent (mid-1600s), superimposed onto modern state boundaries, by Samotny Wędrowiec.

A map of the German invasion of Poland in 1939 which marked the beginning of the Second World War (1939–1945). The campaign demonstrated the devastating effectiveness of Blitzkrieg, a new form of fast, coordinated warfare combining armor...

Portrait of Stanislaus Augustus Poniatowski, the last King of Poland, in his coronation robes, oil on canvas by Marcello Bacciarelli, 1764. Royal Castle of Warsaw.

The January Uprising of 1863 was a conflict between Tsarist Russia and Polish insurgents striving for independence. The uprising continued until October 1864, when it was suppressed by the Russian forces, effectively erasing the already limited...

Three young Jewish boys on the street in Chełm, Nazi-occupied Poland. They are all wearing a Star of David badge on their coats. The photograph was taken between 8 August and 13 September 1941, by a soldier who was stationed in the town with...

Portrait of Augustus II of Poland (r. 1694-1733), the Elector of Saxony. Commonly known as Augustus II the Strong, oil on canvas by Louis de Silvestre, c. 1720. Nationalmuseum, Stockholm.

Portrait of Ladislaus Vasa, oil on canvas, 1620s. By Peter Paul Rubens. Wawel Castle, Krakow.