Papal States: Did you mean...?

The Crusader States, collectively known as Outremer (from Old French outre-mer, “overseas”), were a group of Latin Christian polities established in the eastern Mediterranean following the First Crusade...

The medieval indulgence was a writ offered by the Church, for money, guaranteeing the remission of sin, and its abuse was the spark that inspired Martin Luther's 95 Theses. Luther (l. 1483-1546) claimed the sale...

This map illustrates the situation in the United States n 1850, as the country faced growing sectional tension over the expansion of slavery into new territories gained from the Mexican-American War...

A map showing the principle state of the Warring States Period in China c. 260 BCE.

Four examples of British India postage stamps issued with overprints for use in particular Indian princely states. Top left: Queen Victoria, Gwalior, 1904 Top right: Queen Victoria, Patiala, 1895 Bottom left...

The Bronze Age collapse at the end of the 13th century BCE saw a great many changes in the ancient world. Many second millennium states disappeared entirely, as cities were destroyed and peoples migrated. Others...

The trigger and firing mechanism of a crossbow from the Chinese Warring States Period, 3rd century BCE (possible a century later during the Han Dynasty). Bronze inlaid with silver.

Swords of the Warring States Period (481-221 BCE) in China. The left sword is of iron while the other two are of bronze. (Shaanxi Provincial Museum, Xian, China)

A bronze helmet from the Yin state. Warring States Period (481-221 BCE).

There were many events leading up to the American Civil War, with tensions becoming increasingly heightened between the Fugitive Slave Act of 1850 and, the final tipping point, the...