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A Gallery of Chinese Art & Architecture
Chinese culture developed from small communities such as Banpo Village (c. 4500 BCE) through the early Xia Dynasty (c. 2070-1600 BCE) and the great dynastic periods that followed after, creating some of the...
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Ottoman Sword of State
An Ottoman sword of state, used during inauguration ceremonies for sultans. The sword was refitted in 1876 CE for the planned inauguration of the Ottoman sultan Murad V (r. 1876 CE). The sword is comprised of a 17th Century...
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Ottoman Infantry Coat of Arms (1882-1922 CE)
A typical military sign from the Ottoman Empire known as "arma" (this Homeric Greek expression itself reflects a symbol adopted under influence from abroad). Used in the Turkish army (infantry) and displayed...
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Opening Ceremony of the First Ottoman Parliament
Opening ceremony of the First Ottoman Parliament at the Dolmabahçe Palace in 1876 CE. The First Constitutional Era lasted for only two years until 1878 CE. The Ottoman Constitution and Parliament were...
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Hagia Sophia
Hagia Sophia in Istanbul, constructed 532-537, continues to be revered as one of the most important structures in the world. Hagia Sophia (Greek Ἁγία Σοφία, for 'Holy Wisdom') was designed to be the major basilica of the Byzantine...
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The Greatest Extent of the Ottoman Empire in Europe (1683 CE)
A depiction of the Ottoman Empire and its dependencies in 1683 CE, with an indication of territory held prior to that date.
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Ottoman Sipahi Cavalry
16-17 century CE Ottoman sipahis in battle at Vienna, holding the crescent banner (by Józef Brandt)
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Mamluk or Ottoman Cavalry
Armour for a cavalryman and his horse, produced c. 1500 CE. From the Mamluk Sultanate or Ottoman Empire. Collection of the Hermitage Amsterdam.
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Ottoman or Mamluk Horseman
This is an example of the armor of Ottoman or Mamluk horseman and his horse armor c. 1550 CE. Collection of the Army Museum, Paris.
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Leon Battista Alberti
Leon Battista Alberti (1404-1472 CE) was an Italian scholar, architect, mathematician, and advocate of Renaissance humanism. Alberti famously wrote the treatise On Architecture where he outlines the key elements of classical...