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Greek Theatre Architecture
Article by Mark Cartwright

Greek Theatre Architecture

The ancient Greeks built open-air theatres where the public could watch the performances of Greek comedy, tragedy, and satyr plays. They then exported the idea to their colonies throughout the Aegean so that theatres became a typical feature...
Harappa: An Overview of Harappan Architecture & Town Planning
Article by Muhammad Bin Naveed

Harappa: An Overview of Harappan Architecture & Town Planning

Harappa is a large village presently in the province of Punjab in Pakistan. The modern town is a part of and lies next to the ancient city. The site of Harappa is important in that it has provided proof of not just the Indus Valley Civilization...
Roman Innovations and Architecture
Lesson Pack by Marion Wadowski

Roman Innovations and Architecture

We have prepared two lesson plans including classroom activities, assignments, homework, and keys as well as: Glossary of keywords and concepts in an excel format Open questions adaptable for debates, presentations, and essays Recommended...
Osman I
Definition by Zain Khokhar

Osman I

Osman I, also known as Osman Gazi (c. 1258 - c. 1323 CE), was the founder and first Sultan of the Ottoman Beylik, which would rise to eventually become the Ottoman Empire. He was the ruler of a small Turkic principality among many in the...
An Illustrated Glossary of Castle Architecture
Article by Mark Cartwright

An Illustrated Glossary of Castle Architecture

Alure (Wall Walk) The walkway along the higher and interior part of a wall which often gives access to the higher floors of towers within the wall. Typically protected by battlements. Apse A semicircular projecting part of a building...
Ottoman Sword of State
Image by Metropolitan Museum of Art

Ottoman Sword of State

An Ottoman sword of state, used during inauguration ceremonies for sultans. The sword was refitted in 1876 CE for the planned inauguration of the Ottoman sultan Murad V (r. 1876 CE). The sword is comprised of a 17th Century CE Iranian steel...
Ottoman Infantry Coat of Arms (1882-1922 CE)
Image by Juris Tiltins

Ottoman Infantry Coat of Arms (1882-1922 CE)

A typical military sign from the Ottoman Empire known as "arma" (this Homeric Greek expression itself reflects a symbol adopted under influence from abroad). Used in the Turkish army (infantry) and displayed on the reverse side of the battalion...
Diversity in Church Architecture in Medieval England
Article by Nick Miller

Diversity in Church Architecture in Medieval England

Medieval English churches differed in size and layout. Their original and evolving role(s), financial and material resources, and architectural fashions helped determine variability. However, their look ultimately grew from a constant symbiosis...
A Gallery of Ancient Egyptian Architecture
Image Gallery by Joshua J. Mark

A Gallery of Ancient Egyptian Architecture

Architecture in ancient Egypt reflected the Egyptian culture's values, primarily that of ma'at (harmony/balance) symbolized by the symmetry of the completed works. Exteriors and interiors were carefully planned and executed in accordance...
The Architecture of Ancient Rome
Collection by Mark Cartwright

The Architecture of Ancient Rome

Roman architecture was nothing if not eclectic. From ingenious underfloor heating to gravity-defying arches, the Romans added to the Classical repertoire such grandiose structures as the triumphal arch, basilica, amphitheatre, and city tower...
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