Normans: Did you mean...?

Around 1065, the geopolitical landscape of North Africa and the western Mediterranean was marked by fragmentation, migration, and the rise of new regional powers...

Panel 39 of the 11th century CE Bayeux Tapestry depicts horses and soldiers of the Norman fleet leaving their ships en route to Hastings for battle against the Saxons in 1066 CE. (Centre Guillaume le Conquérant...

An infographic of the seven times the city of Rome was sacked. Across more than 1,900 years (390 BCE–1527 CE), the sacks of Rome reveal not a single moment of collapse, but a recurring pattern of vulnerability shaped by...

An artist's depiction of Medieval Germanic warriors with captive soldiers. From the game Old World.

Medieval soldiers prepare to battle one another in the rain and mud. From the game Old World.

Castle of Melfi, an important Norman stronghold in Southern Italy.

English medieval knights wore metal armour of iron or steel to protect themselves from archers and the long swords of opponents. From the 9th century CE, chain mail suits gave protection and freedom of movement...

The Crusades were a series of military campaigns organised by Christian powers in order to retake Jerusalem and the Holy Land back from Muslim control. There would be eight officially sanctioned crusades between 1095...

Artillery weapons in medieval Europe included the mounted crossbow (ballista) and single-arm torsion catapult (mangonel), both similar to ancient Roman machines. As armies battled further afield such as in the Byzantine...

"The Holy Roman Empire was in no way holy, nor Roman, nor an empire," wrote Voltaire, and this interpretation still dominates the popular imagination, so the Holy Roman Empire is treated as a bad joke, a pale...