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The Conquest of New Spain
Definition by Mark Cartwright

The Conquest of New Spain

The Conquest of New Spain by Bernal Díaz del Castillo (1492 to c. 1580) is an account written in 1568 of the early Spanish colonization of Mesoamerica, specifically the conquest of the Aztec civilization in Mexico from 1519 to 1521 when Díaz...
New York and New Jersey Campaign
Article by Harrison W. Mark

New York and New Jersey Campaign

The New York and New Jersey Campaign (3 July 1776 to 3 January 1777) was a pivotal campaign waged during the American Revolutionary War (1775-1783) for control of New York City, the Hudson River, and the resource-rich state of New Jersey...
Viceroyalty of New Spain, c. 1800
Image by Simeon Netchev

Viceroyalty of New Spain, c. 1800

This map illustrates the Viceroyalty of New Spain, the earliest and most extensive administrative division of the Spanish Empire. At its peak, it encompassed a vast array of territories across North America, the Caribbean, and Asia, serving...
Antonio de Mendoza, Viceroy of New Spain
Image by Unknown Artist

Antonio de Mendoza, Viceroy of New Spain

A portrait of Antonio de Mendoza, the first viceroy of New Spain (Mexico and many surrounding territories) within the Spanish empire. He served from 1535 to 1550. (Museo Nacional de Historia, Mexico City)
Top 5 Roman Sites in Southern Spain
Article by Carole Raddato

Top 5 Roman Sites in Southern Spain

Almost 700 years of continuous Roman occupation have left impressive traces in the Spanish landscape. Spain was then known as 'Hispania' and is now a fascinating location for the archaeological traveller. The Spanish provinces were amongst...
Legions of Spain, Roman Africa & Egypt
Article by Donald L. Wasson

Legions of Spain, Roman Africa & Egypt

The legions of Spain, Roman Africa, and Egypt did not see the intensity of action that prevailed elsewhere in Europe. However, the presence of these four legions - VII Gemina, IX Hispana, XXII Deiotariana, and II Traiana Fortis - was still...
Peninsular War
Definition by Harrison W. Mark

Peninsular War

The Peninsular War (1807-1814), also known as the War of Spanish Independence, was a major conflict of the Napoleonic Wars (1803-1815) that was waged in the Iberian Peninsula by Portugal, Spain, and the United Kingdom against the invading...
Education in Roman Spain
Article by Laura K.C. McCormack

Education in Roman Spain

There was no compulsory state education for children in any of the western provinces of the Roman Empire. The primary sources are sparse when it comes to the education in Roman Spain, and while some scholars argue for a network of schools...
New England Colonies
Definition by Joshua J. Mark

New England Colonies

The New England Colonies were the settlements established by English religious dissenters along the coast of the north-east of North America between 1620-1640 CE. The original colonies were: - Plymouth Colony (1620 CE) - New Hampshire...
New Kingdom of Egypt
Definition by Joshua J. Mark

New Kingdom of Egypt

The New Kingdom (c. 1570- c.1069 BCE) is the era in Egyptian history following the disunity of the Second Intermediate Period (c. 1782-1570 BCE) and preceding the dissolution of the central government at the start of the Third Intermediate...
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