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Ivory Head of a Lion from Nimrud
Image by Osama Shukir Muhammed Amin

Ivory Head of a Lion from Nimrud

Ivory head of a lion, part of the so-called "Nimrud Ivories" that decorated chariots, high-status furniture, and horse trappings. They were covered with thin gold leaf or ornamented with semiprecious stones. From Nimrud (ancient Kalhu) northern...
Lion from Ishtar Gate
Image by Mina Bulic

Lion from Ishtar Gate

Detail from the Ishtar Gate of Babylon, built in 6th century BCE by king Nebuchadnezzar II; part of the Gate is now reconstructed in Pergamon Museum in Berlin.
Hero Vanquishes Lion (Khorsabad)
Image by Paul-Emile Botta

Hero Vanquishes Lion (Khorsabad)

Colossal figure in the facade of the palace of Sargon II in Dur-Sharrukin. Drawing Flandin PL 41 by Paul-Emile Botta (1802-1870 CE), c. 1849 CE.
Achaemenid Lion Weight
Image by Osama Shukir Muhammed Amin

Achaemenid Lion Weight

One side of this heavy weight is inscribed in Aramaic with "correct according to the stater of silver". This probably refers to the use of a weight standard based on the silver coins known as staters. This object weighs just over 31 kg, which...
Marble Lion, Mausoleum at Halicarnassus
Image by Osama Shukir Muhammed Amin

Marble Lion, Mausoleum at Halicarnassus

This is the most complete of the surviving lions from the Mausoleum at Halicarnassus, also known as the Tomb of Mausolus. The lions probably stood at the base of the stepped-pyramid roof, acting as both protective and royal symbols. There...
A Gallery of Lions of Mesopotamia
Image Gallery by Joshua J. Mark

A Gallery of Lions of Mesopotamia

The Asiatic lion in Mesopotamia symbolized the forces of chaos, which the king defeated in his role as a champion of order and civilization. Lions appear in works of art from the Early Dynastic Period through the time of the Neo-Assyrian...
The Mesopotamian Pantheon
Article by Joshua J. Mark

The Mesopotamian Pantheon

The gods of the Mesopotamian region were not uniform in name, power, provenance or status in the hierarchy. Mesopotamian culture varied from region to region and, because of this, Marduk should not be regarded as King of the Gods in the same...
Lion Hunt Pebble Mosaic from Pella
Image by Carole Raddato

Lion Hunt Pebble Mosaic from Pella

Pebble mosaic floor from the "House of Dionysos" at Pella (Macedonia, Greece) with a scene of a lion hunt. Last quarter of the 4th century BCE. (Pella, Archaeological Museum). The composition depicts the moment when the two huntsmen, one...
Lion of Babylon [Detail]
Image by oversnap

Lion of Babylon [Detail]

Detail of glazed tiles depicting a lion, from the gates of ancient Babylon (modern-day Iraq). The lion is the symbol of Babylon, and represents Ishtar, the goddess of fertility, love and war. Meant not only to symbolise Babylon, but to...
Colossal Statue of a Winged Lion from the North-West Palace of Ashurnasirpal II
Image by Trustees of the British Museum

Colossal Statue of a Winged Lion from the North-West Palace of Ashurnasirpal II

Colossal statue of a winged lion from the North-West Palace of Ashurnasirpal II, Nimrud (ancient Kalhu), modern-day Iraq. Neo-Assyrian Empire, c. 883-859 BCE. This is one of a pair of guardian figures that flanked one of the entrances...
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