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Sultan Qalawun's Masoleum
The mausoleum of Qalawun. For a time, Mamluk sultans after him received their coronation here.

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Anatolian Beyliks
A map showing the various Turkic principalities that emerged from the remains of the Sultanate of Rum. The territories shown approximately reflect the 14th Century CE.

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The Siege of Acre, 1291 CE
A 19th century CE painting depicting the Knights Hospitaller defending Acre during the siege by the Mamluk Sultanate in 1291 CE.

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Plan of Acre, 1291 CE
A plan of the city of Acre at the time of the 1291 CE siege by the Mamluk Sultanate.

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Mongol Empire
The Mongol Empire (1206-1368) was founded by Genghis Khan (r. 1206-1227), first Great Khan or 'universal ruler' of the Mongol peoples. Genghis forged the empire by uniting nomadic tribes of the Asian steppe and creating a devastatingly effective...

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Vasco da Gama
Vasco da Gama (c. 1469-1524) was a Portuguese navigator who, in 1497-9, sailed around the Cape of Good Hope in southern Africa and arrived at Calicut (now Kozhikode) on the south-west coast of India. This was the first direct voyage from...

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Tyre
Tyre (in modern-day Lebanon) is one of the oldest cities in the world, dating back over 4,000 years, during which it has been inhabited almost continuously. It was one of the most important, and at times the dominant, city of Phoenicia, whose...

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Kingdom of Jerusalem
The Kingdom of Jerusalem was a state created in 1099 CE by Crusaders and western settlers after the First Crusade (1095-1102 CE). With Jerusalem as its capital, the kingdom was the most important of the four Crusader States in the Middle...

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Möngke Khan
Mongke Khan was ruler of the Mongol Empire (1206-1368 CE) from 1251 to 1259 CE. As the third Great Khan or 'universal ruler' of the Mongols, Mongke would oversee administrative reforms that continued to centralise government and ensure he...

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Tomb of Feroz Shah Tughluq
The tomb of Feroz Shah Tughluq, Sultan of the Delhi sultanate (r. 1351-1388) in the Hauz Khas Complex, Delhi.