Mamluk Sultanate: Did you mean...?

The armies of the Crusades (11th-15th centuries CE), which saw Christians and Muslims struggle for control of territories in the Middle East and elsewhere, could involve over 100,000 men on either side who came from all over Europe to form...

A shirt of chainmail and plate armour belonging to Sultan Qaitbay (r. 1468–1496 CE) of the Mamluk Sultanate. The mail is made of iron and copper alloy. The gold-damascened steel plates are intricately engraved with scrolling foliage and vines...

A helmet belonging to Sultan Qaitbay (r. 1468–1496 CE) of the Mamluk Sultanate. Collection of the State Hermitage Museum, St. Petersburg.

Sultan Razia (Raziyyat-Ud-Dunya Wa Ud-Din, r. 1236-1240) was one of the few women rulers in the Indian subcontinent and the first and only female Sultan of Delhi. Despite facing Herculean challenges in a patriarchal society, Razia distinguished...

The Seventh Crusade (1248-1254 CE) was led by the French king Louis IX (r. 1226-1270 CE) who intended to conquer Egypt and take over Jerusalem, both then controlled by the Muslim Ayyubid Dynasty. Despite the initial success of capturing Damietta...

Old Dongola (aka Dungulah or Dunkula), located in modern Sudan, was the capital of the ancient Nubian kingdom of Dongola (aka Makuria or Makurra) which flourished from the 6th to 14th century CE. A Christian kingdom for at least 750 years...

The Crusader States (aka the Latin East or Outremer) were created after the First Crusade (1095-1102) in order to keep hold of the territorial gains made by Christian armies in the Middle East. The four small states were the Kingdom of Jerusalem...

Suleiman the Magnificent (aka Süleyman I or Suleiman I, r. 1520-1566) was the tenth and longest-reigning sultan of the Ottoman Empire. Hailed as a skilled military commander, a just ruler, and a divinely anointed monarch during his lifetime...

Ibn Battuta (Abū Abd Allāh Muḥammad ibn Abd Allāh Al-Lawātī, 1304–c.1368 CE) was a 14th-century Maghrebi traveler, scholar, and judge whose journeys across the Islamic world and beyond remain among the most remarkable in history. Over a span...

A 19th century CE painting depicting the Knights Hospitaller defending Acre during the siege by the Mamluk Sultanate in 1291 CE.