Mamluk: Did you mean...?

Shihab al-Din (also Muʿizz al-Din Muhammad ibn Sam), popularly known as Muhammad Ghori (r. 1173-1206 CE), was the Muslim ruler who laid the foundation for the subsequent Islamic ruling dynasties of India which saw its pinnacle later in the...

Pepper has long been the king of spices and for almost 2,000 years dominated world trade. Originating in India, it was known in Greece by the 4th century BCE and was an integral part of the Roman diet by 30 BCE. It remained a force in Europe...

Ibn Battuta ((Abū Abd Allāh Muḥammad ibn Abd Allāh Al-Lawātī, 1304–c. 1368 CE) was a traveler, jurist, and scholar from Tangier whose journeys across Afro-Eurasia remain among the most extensive recorded in the medieval world. Beginning in...

A 19th century CE painting depicting the Knights Hospitaller defending Acre during the siege by the Mamluk Sultanate in 1291 CE.

A statue of the Mamluk Sultan of Cairo, Saif ad-Din Qutuz (r. 1259-1260 CE)

The mausoleum of Qalawun. For a time, Mamluk sultans after him received their coronation here.

Illustration of the 1366 battle on the Nile river, fought between the forces of the Mamluk emir Yalbugha (c. 14th Century CE-1366 CE) and the Sultan Al-Ashraf Sha'ban (r. 1363–1377).

Silver dirham of the first Mamluk Sultan Aybak minted in Cairo in 1256 CE.

The Mongol Empire (1206-1368) was founded by Genghis Khan (r. 1206-1227), first Great Khan or 'universal ruler' of the Mongol peoples. Genghis forged the empire by uniting nomadic tribes of the Asian steppe and creating a devastatingly effective...

Caliphate (“Khilafat” in Arabic) was a semi-religious political system of governance in Islam, in which the territories of the Islamic empire in the Middle East and North Africa and the people within were ruled by a supreme leader called...