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Judas Iscariot
Definition by Rebecca Denova

Judas Iscariot

Judas Iscariot was one of the original disciples of Jesus of Nazareth (d. c. 30 CE), one of the twelve apostles. For handing Jesus over to the authorities, as described in the gospels, he has become the epitome of the act of betrayal in the...
Old Testament
Definition by Rebecca Denova

Old Testament

Old Testament is the Christian name for the books of the Jewish scriptures that constitute the first half of the Christian Bible. "Old" in this sense was a means to distinguish Judaism from Christianity at the creation of the New Testament...
The Delian League, Part 2: From Eurymedon to the Thirty Years Peace (465/4-445/4 BCE)
Article by Christopher Planeaux

The Delian League, Part 2: From Eurymedon to the Thirty Years Peace (465/4-445/4 BCE)

This text is part of an article series on the Delian League. The second phase of the Delian League's operations begins with the Hellenic victory over Mede forces at Eurymedon and ends with the Thirty Years Peace between Athens and Sparta...
The Delian League, Part 4: The Ten Years War (431/0-421/0 BCE)
Article by Christopher Planeaux

The Delian League, Part 4: The Ten Years War (431/0-421/0 BCE)

This text is part of an article series on the Delian League. The fourth phase of the Delian League encompasses the first part of the Great Peloponnesian War, also referred to as the Ten Years War, sometimes called quite incorrectly The Archidamian...
Legions of Moesia
Article by Donald L. Wasson

Legions of Moesia

The province of Moesia was vital to the Roman military’s protection of the Balkans. Subdued by the Roman commander Marcus Licinius Crassus in 29 BCE, it was initially part of Macedonia. Due to its location along the Danube, it became essential...
Transatlantic Slave Trade
Definition by Joshua J. Mark

Transatlantic Slave Trade - The Shame of Nations

The transatlantic slave trade (also given as the Atlantic slave trade, circa 1492 to 1860) was the practice of enslaving the citizens of African states and transporting them across the Atlantic Ocean to the "New World" of the Americas. Although...
Vespasian
Definition by Harrison W. Mark

Vespasian - The Commoner Who Became Roman Emperor

Vespasian (9-79 CE) was Roman emperor from 69 to 79 CE. Despite his low birth, he worked hard to rise through the ranks of Roman politics and eventually achieved prominence as a military commander. He came to power at the end of the brief...
Xerxes I
Definition by Joshua J. Mark

Xerxes I

Xerxes I (l. 519-465, r. 486-465 BCE), also known as Xerxes the Great, was the king of the Persian Achaemenid Empire. His official title was Shahanshah which, though usually translated as `emperor', actually means `king of kings'. He is identified...
Empress Theodora
Definition by Mark Cartwright

Empress Theodora

Theodora reigned as empress of the Byzantine Empire alongside her husband, Emperor Justinian I, from 527 CE until her death in 548 CE. Rising from a humble background and overcoming the prejudices of her somewhat disreputable early career...
War in the Vendée
Definition by Harrison W. Mark

War in the Vendée

The War in the Vendée was a counter-revolutionary uprising that took place in the Vendée department of France from 1793 to 1796, during the French Revolution (1789-99). In response to the French Republic's attempts to impose conscription...
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