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Antoine de Chandieu
Definition by Stephen M Davis

Antoine de Chandieu

Antoine de Chandieu (l. 1534-1591) was a French theologian, who played a decisive role in the religious history of the 16th century but remains in the shadow of other French Protestant leaders. Due to his remarkable abilities and contribution...
Thermidorian Reaction
Definition by Harrison W. Mark

Thermidorian Reaction

The Thermidorian Reaction refers to the period of the French Revolution (1789-1799) between the fall of Maximilien Robespierre on 27-28 July 1794 and the establishment of the French Directory on 2 November 1795. The Thermidorians abandoned...
Alien and Sedition Acts
Definition by Harrison W. Mark

Alien and Sedition Acts

The Alien and Sedition Acts were four laws passed by President John Adams and the Federalist-controlled Congress in 1798 that restricted immigration and free speech in the United States. Framed by the Federalist Party as a necessary measure...
Thessaly and the Duchy of Neopatras
Definition by Michael Goodyear

Thessaly and the Duchy of Neopatras

Thessaly was an independent state in medieval Greece from 1267 or 1268 to 1394 CE, first as the Greek-ruled Thessaly and later as the Catalan and Latin-ruled Duchy of Neopatras. Under its sebastokrators, Thessaly was a thorn in the side of...
A Young Prince William of Orange
Image by Museum of Fine Arts, Lyon

A Young Prince William of Orange

A portrait of William, Prince of Orange aged around 10 years old. The prince would become King William III of England after the Glorious Revolution of 1688. Painting by Jan Davidsz. de Heem and Jan Vermeer van Utrecht. (Museum of Fine Arts...
James V of Scotland
Image by Corneille de Lyon

James V of Scotland

A c. 1536 CE portrait of James V of Scotland (r. 1513-1542 CE) by Corneille de Lyon. (Private collection)
Louis François Perrin de Précy
Image by Jean-Joseph Dassy

Louis François Perrin de Précy

Portrait of Louis François Perrin de Précy, commander of the rebel army during the Revolt of Lyon in the Federalist Revolts (May-December 1793). By Jean-Joseph Dassy, 1829. In the Musée d'art et d'histoire de Cholet
Siege of Toulon
Article by Harrison W. Mark

Siege of Toulon

The Siege of Toulon (29 August to 19 December 1793) was a decisive military operation during the French Revolutionary Wars (1792-1802), conducted by a French Republican army to retake the port city of Toulon from rebels, who were supported...
Reign of Terror
Definition by Harrison W. Mark

Reign of Terror

The Reign of Terror, or simply the Terror (la Terreur), was a climactic period of state-sanctioned violence during the French Revolution (1789-99), which saw the public executions and mass killings of thousands of counter-revolutionary 'suspects'...
Claudius
Definition by Harrison W. Mark

Claudius - The Unlikely Roman Emperor

Claudius (10 BCE to 54 CE) was the fourth Roman emperor, who reigned from 41 to 54 CE. Though a member of the imperial Julio-Claudian Dynasty, his rise to power had always seemed unlikely. Indeed, for much of his life, he had been ostracized...
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