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Chikamatsu Monzaemon
Definition by Graham Squires

Chikamatsu Monzaemon

Chikamatsu Monzaemon (1653-1725) was a Japanese playwright who wrote for both the puppet theatre and kabuki. He is regarded as Japan’s greatest dramatist. Apart from their aesthetic appeal, his plays are of value because they provide an insight...
Ancient Nara
Definition by Mark Cartwright

Ancient Nara

Nara, located around 30 km south of modern Kyoto, was the capital of ancient Japan between 710 and 784 CE. It gave its name to the Nara Period (710-794 CE), although the name during the 8th century CE was Heijokyo. Modelled on the Chinese...
Portion of a Japanese Monastic Code of Conduct
Image by James Blake Wiener

Portion of a Japanese Monastic Code of Conduct

This is a selection from the "Gogatsu tsuitachi kyo" compilation, vol. 39, and it details the rules and regulations for monks in ancient Japan. It dates from 740 CE, which corresponds to the Nara period in Japanese history. It was made from...
Chanoyu - Japanese Tea Ceremony
Image by Markus Kniebes

Chanoyu - Japanese Tea Ceremony

The essential implements of the chanoyu or Japanese tea ceremony.
Food & Agriculture in Ancient Japan
Article by Mark Cartwright

Food & Agriculture in Ancient Japan

The diet of ancient Japan was heavily influenced by its geography as an archipelago, foodstuffs and eating habits imported from mainland Asia, religious beliefs, and an appreciation for the aesthetic appearance of dishes, not just the taste...
Insei: Cloistered Government in Ancient Japan
Article by Mark Cartwright

Insei: Cloistered Government in Ancient Japan

Insei or 'cloistered government' describes the strategy of emperors during the late Heian Period (794-1185 CE) in ancient Japan where they abdicated in favour of a chosen heir yet still ruled in some capacity, typically after retiring to...
Gordian Emperors
Definition by Donald L. Wasson

Gordian Emperors

When Maximinus Thrax was named Roman emperor upon the death of Alexander Severus, the news was not well-received by many in Rome and the Roman Senate considered him an illiterate barbarian. His financial excesses, principally used to fund...
Gallienus
Definition by Donald L. Wasson

Gallienus

Gallienus was Roman emperor from 253 to 268 CE. Publius Licinius Egnatius Gallienus, the eldest son of Emperor Valerian, was named co-emperor by his father in 253 CE. He was one of many who would claim the throne over the next two decades...
Japanese Troops Enter French Indochina, 1940
Image by Unknown Photographer

Japanese Troops Enter French Indochina, 1940

Japanese troops enter French Indochina and head towards Lang Son in what is northern Vietnam today. During 1940, Japan began to encroach on French Indochina so that they could cut off the supplies that were routed through the area and into...
Ancient Japanese Incense Burner
Image by James Blake Wiener

Ancient Japanese Incense Burner

This ancient Japanese incense burner has a lion-shaped weight at the end of its handle. It was cast in bronze and dates from the 8th century CE during the Nara period in Japanese history. (Tokyo National Museum)
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