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Adad Nirari I
Definition by Joshua J. Mark

Adad Nirari I

Adad Nirari I (r. 1307-1275 BCE) was the king of the Assyrian Empire who initiated the first major expansion of the Assyrian kingdom from the city of Ashur throughout the region of Mesopotamia. He also instituted what would become standard...
Hittite Rock Reliefs at Yazilikaya
Image by Carole Raddato

Hittite Rock Reliefs at Yazilikaya

Hittite rock reliefs in Chamber A of the Yazilikaya Hittite Sanctuary (13th century BCE). On the left wall, the relief depicts the meeting between Teshub, the Hurrian god of sky and storm, and Hepat, the mother goddess of the Hurrians. On...
Yazilikaya Hittite Rock Sanctuary, Overview of Chamber B
Image by Carole Raddato

Yazilikaya Hittite Rock Sanctuary, Overview of Chamber B

The Yazilikaya Hittite sanctuary near Hattusa was made of two rock chambers, later labelled Chamber A and Chamber B by archaeologists. The walls of each chamber were covered with the richest and most striking samples of Hittite relief art...
Hittite Lion Tub at Hattusa
Image by Carole Raddato

Hittite Lion Tub at Hattusa

A Hittite Lion Tub lying among the ruins of the Great Temple at Hattusa, the capital of the Hittite Empire. The basin was originally 5.5 metres long, and featured crouching lions at all four corners. It probably had a role in cult rituals.
Yazilikaya Hittite Rock Sanctuary, Overview of Chamber A
Image by Carole Raddato

Yazilikaya Hittite Rock Sanctuary, Overview of Chamber A

The Yazilikaya Hittite sanctuary was made of two rock chambers, later labelled Chamber A and Chamber B by archaeologists. The walls of each chamber were covered with the richest and most striking samples of Hittite relief art. They featured...
Hittite Orthostates at Alacahöyük
Image by Carole Raddato

Hittite Orthostates at Alacahöyük

Copies of Hittite orthostates at Alacahöyük (the site of a Neolithic and Hittite settlement in central Turkey) which decorated the external facade of the Sphinx Gate, the south entrance to the city. They depict a religious ceremony in honour...
Treaty Establishing Hittite Domination over Aleppo
Image by Osama Shukir Muhammed Amin

Treaty Establishing Hittite Domination over Aleppo

This clay tablet is known as the "Aleppo Treaty". The treaty was drawn up between the Hittite king Mursili II and Talmi-sharruma (king of Aleppo). It was written in Akkadian, the diplomatic language of the time. The tablet begins with a reminder...
Hittite Basalt Stela Showing Goddess Kubaba
Image by Osama Shukir Muhammed Amin

Hittite Basalt Stela Showing Goddess Kubaba

The upper part is a freestanding basalt monument depicting the goddess Kubaba, consort of the storm god Teshub, and one of the most important deities at Carchemish. She holds a mirror and pomegranate, symbols of magic and fertility. Neo-Hittite...
Maya Religion & Culture
Collection by Joshua J. Mark

Maya Religion & Culture

Maya religion and culture is among the most advanced and sophisticated of the Pre-Colombian Americas as evidenced by the ruins of their great cities and what remains of their writings after most were burned by the Spanish in 1562. The Maya...
Neo-Hittite King Suppiluliuma
Image by Carole Raddato

Neo-Hittite King Suppiluliuma

Neo-Hittite statue of King Suppiluliuma unearthed in 2012 at Kunulua, the capital of the Neo-Hittite Kingdom of Patina (1000-738 BCE) in southeastern Turkey. The remains of the figure stand approximately 1.5 meters in height, suggesting a...
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