Frederick I: Did you mean...?

Gold coin of Holy Roman Emperor Frederick II (l. 1194-1250).

Gold coin of Holy Roman Emperor Frederick II, minted in Sicily between 1211-1250 CE. Weighs 5.2 grammes and measures 20 mm (British Museum, London)

Frederick's birth in Jesi (illustration in Giovanni Villani's Nuova Cronica, c. 1348 CE)

The Third Crusade (1189-1192 CE) was launched to retake Jerusalem after its fall to the Muslim leader Saladin in 1187 CE. The Crusade was led by three European monarchs, hence its other name of 'the Kings' Crusade'. The three leaders were...

The twin battles of Jena and Auerstedt, both fought on 14 October 1806, marked a major turning point in the Napoleonic Wars (1803-1815). It saw the French Grande Armée, led by Emperor Napoleon I (r. 1804-1814; 1815) soundly defeat the Prussian...

King Frederick William III of Prussia (r. 1797-1840), oil on canvas portrait by an unknown artist, between 1830-1840. Museum of Prussia, Minden, Germany.

Frederick III of Sicily (r. 1295-1337 CE) 14th-century CE mosaic in the Messina Cathedral.

Prince Frederick, Duke of York and Albany (1763-1827), second son of King George III of the United Kingdom. He led the British forces during the Flanders Campaign of 1792-1795 during the French Revolutionary Wars and later served as commander-in-chief...

Portrait of Frederick Josias of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld (1737-1815), commander of Austrian forces during the French Revolutionary Wars (1792-1802). Painting by William Essex, 1848, based on an earlier work by Ferdinand Jagemann. Essex's painting...

Frederick Benteen (l. 1834-1898) in his later years. He served with Lt. Colonel George Armstrong Custer and was present at the Washita Massacre (1868) and the Battle of the Little Bighorn (1876).