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Venus
Definition by Brittany Garcia

Venus

In Roman mythology, Venus was the goddess of love, sex, beauty, and fertility. She was the Roman counterpart to the Greek goddess Aphrodite. However, Roman Venus had many abilities beyond the Greek Aphrodite; she was a goddess of victory...
Ten Legendary Female Viking Warriors
Article by Joshua J. Mark

Ten Legendary Female Viking Warriors

In 2017 CE, Uppsala University archaeologist Charlotte Hedenstierna-Jonson published her study of a Viking grave discovered in Birka, Sweden in the 1800's CE which she and her team had revisited. She claimed that what was formerly understood...
Capitals of the Roman Empire: Constantinople & Rome 
Article by Greg Woolf / Oxford University Press

Capitals of the Roman Empire: Constantinople & Rome 

Constantinople at first had much in common with the temporary capitals of the 2nd and 3rd century CE and the tetrarchic capitals. It was an existing city of medium size, well located on the road network, and unlike most of them, it was also...
The Year of the Four Emperors & the Demise of Four Roman Legions
Article by Donald L. Wasson

The Year of the Four Emperors & the Demise of Four Roman Legions

During the Year of the Four Emperors (69 CE), the fight between Vitellius and Vespasian would ultimately bring about the demise of four legions, the XV Primigenia, I Germanica, IIII Macedonica, and XVI Gallia. All four of these legions had...
Vimose Comb
Image by Nationalmuseet, Roberto Fortuna og Kira Ursem

Vimose Comb

This comb, known as the Vimose Comb, found in Denmark, represents the earliest inscription that is without a doubt runic. It reads "harja" (possibly meaning “comb”, or “warrior”) and is dated to c. 160 CE, and it uses runes so confidently...
Collection of Ptolemaic Jewellery
Image by Getty Museum

Collection of Ptolemaic Jewellery

This opulent collection of Ptolemaic jewellery from Egypt probably belonged to a wealthy woman and was made between 225–175 BCE. The various pieces were made out of gold and are inlaid with a variety of precious stones. The collection...
Eastern Terrace of Mount Nemrut
Image by Carole Raddato

Eastern Terrace of Mount Nemrut

Overview of the thrones and the heads of the gods on the eastern terrace of Mount Nemrut. From left to right: King Antiochus I, Commagene-Fortuna, Zeus-Oromasdes, Apollo-Mithras and Hercules. Mount Nemrut (Turkish: Nemrut Dağı) is one of...
A Street in Pompeii with Stepping Stones & a Public Fountain
Image by Carole Raddato

A Street in Pompeii with Stepping Stones & a Public Fountain

A street in Pompeii with stepping stones, wheel-ruts and a public fountain with a relief of Silenus as fountain-god resting on a wineskin. The fountain is located in front of a water tower. Regio VI, corner of Via della Fortuna and Via del...
Goddess Phiale from Ancient Georgia
Image by James Blake Wiener

Goddess Phiale from Ancient Georgia

This phiale comes from the Armaziskhevi archaeological site in Georgia and dates from the 2nd century CE. The medallion of the phiale features a goddess — Fortuna or Amalthea — with cornucopia. Separate parts of the relief are gilt. The creator...
Tyche On a Golden Double Shekel
Image by RomanDeckert

Tyche On a Golden Double Shekel

Golden double shekel from Tyre in today's Southern Lebanon, dated 104/103 BCE, two decades after the Phoenician city regained its independence from the fading Seleucid Empire, depicting the head of deity Tyche (Fortuna), wearing a crown of...
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