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Medieval Tournament
Definition by Mark Cartwright

Medieval Tournament

The medieval tournament was a forum for European knights where they could practise and show off their military skills in activities such as jousting or the mêlée, indulge in a bit of pageantry, display their chivalrous qualities and win both...
Apophis
Definition by Joshua J. Mark

Apophis

Apophis (also known as Apep) is the Great Serpent, enemy of the sun god Ra, in ancient Egyptian religion. The sun was Ra's great barge which sailed through the sky from dawn to dusk and then descended into the underworld. As it sailed through...
Edward the Black Prince
Definition by Mark Cartwright

Edward the Black Prince

Edward of Woodstock (1330-1376 CE), better known as the Black Prince after his distinctive armour or martial reputation, was the eldest son of Edward III of England (r. 1327-1377 CE). Made the Prince of Wales in 1343 CE, Edward would fight...
Northern Crusades
Definition by Mark Cartwright

Northern Crusades

The Northern or Baltic Crusades were military campaigns organised by popes and western rulers to convert pagans to Christianity in the 12th to 15th century. Unlike in the Holy Land, where military campaigns were aimed at liberating former...
Mandala
Definition by Joshua J. Mark

Mandala

A mandala (Sanskrit for “circle”) is an artistic representation of higher thought and deeper meaning given as a geometric symbol used in spiritual, emotional, or psychological work to focus one's attention. The image first appears in India...
Map of Settlement & Mobility in the Aegean, c. 1100-550 BCE
Image by Simeon Netchev

Map of Settlement & Mobility in the Aegean, c. 1100-550 BCE - Migration, Memory, and the Making of the Greek World

The period following the collapse of the Mycenaean palatial system (c. 1200–1100 BCE) saw profound demographic and cultural reorganization across the Aegean. During the so-called Greek “Dark Age” (c. 1100–800 BCE), communities fragmented...
Roman Architecture
Definition by Mark Cartwright

Roman Architecture

Roman architecture continued the legacy left by Greek architects and the established architectural orders, especially the Corinthian. The Romans were also innovators and they combined new construction techniques and materials with creative...
Donato Bramante
Definition by Mark Cartwright

Donato Bramante

Donato Bramante (c. 1444-1514 CE) was an Italian Renaissance architect whose most famous project was the design for a new Saint Peter's Basilica in Rome, even if this work remained unfinished at his death. Bramante had also designed the influential...
Sounion
Definition by Mark Cartwright

Sounion

Sounion (or Sunium) was an important ancient Greek religious sanctuary sacred to the gods Poseidon and Athena. Spectacularly located on a promontory in southern Attica, the site is dominated by the temple of Poseidon perched on the cliff...
Isthmia
Definition by Jenni Irving

Isthmia

Isthmia is a genitive noun with the meaning 'of the Isthmus.' It generally refers to the site that held the famous Isthmian Games near Corinth on the Isthmus. A natural assembly place for many Greeks and travellers. Isthmia in Antiquity was...
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