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Cernunnos Rheims Relief
A 1st century CE bas-relief showing the Celtic god Cernunnos and Apollo (left) and Mercury (right). (Musée Saint-Remi, Rheims, France)
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The Ancient Celtic Pantheon
The ancient Celtic pantheon consisted of over 400 gods and goddesses who represented everything from rivers to warfare. With perhaps the exception of Lugh, the Celtic gods were not universally worshipped across Iron Age Europe but were very...
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Epona
Epona was a Celtic goddess. Her name contains an allusion to the horse: in Celtic, "epos" means “horse” and the suffix “-ona” affixed simply means “on”. Epona is the patron goddess of mares and foals. The oldest information about the Gallic...
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Death, Burial & the Afterlife in the Ancient Celtic Religion
The ancient Celts who occupied large parts of Europe from 700 BCE to 400 CE displayed a clear belief in an afterlife as evidenced in their treatment of the dead. In the absence of extensive written records by the Celts themselves, we are...
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Celtic Coin with Abstract Horse
A 3rd Century - 2nd Century BCE Celtic coin from Southeastern Europe, specifically what is now Romania. The reverse of this coin depicts a horse and helmeted rider while the obverse depicts the head of Zeus, it is one of many imitations of...
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Celtic Brooches
Ancient and medieval Celtic cultures produced many forms of jewellery, and one distinctive category is their brooches, fibulae, and pins. Without zips and buttons, brooches were used to close items of clothing, to create a pleasing or fashionable...
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Sacred Sites & Rituals in the Ancient Celtic Religion
In the religion of the ancient Celts who lived in Iron Age Europe from 700 BCE to 400 CE, certain natural sites like springs, river sources, and groves were held as sacred. These places, as well as some urban sites, often had purpose-built...
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Celtic Warrior Figurine
A terracotta figurine of a Celtic warrior. Likely a Celtic Gaul. From Egypt, 220-180 BCE. (British Museum, London)
Definition
Indo-European Languages
The Indo-European languages are a family of related languages that today are widely spoken in the Americas, Europe, and also Western and Southern Asia. Just as languages such as Spanish, French, Portuguese and Italian are all descended from...
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Scene of Rebirth on the Gundestrup Cauldron
This scene from the interior of the Gundestrup Cauldron is usually interpreted as a scene of rebirth. On the bottom, a line of Celtic infantrymen march to a figure on the left of the register who is probably a war god. These infantrymen are...