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Möngke Khan
Definition by Mark Cartwright

Möngke Khan

Mongke Khan was ruler of the Mongol Empire (1206-1368 CE) from 1251 to 1259 CE. As the third Great Khan or 'universal ruler' of the Mongols, Mongke would oversee administrative reforms that continued to centralise government and ensure he...
The Golden Lyre of Ur at the Iraq Museum
Image by Osama Shukir Muhammed Amin

The Golden Lyre of Ur at the Iraq Museum

This is the finest among all lyres found at the Royal Cemetry at Ur and was given to the Iraq Museum; the other lyres were divided between the British Museum in the UK and the Penn Museum in the USA. The head of this bull is a replica and...
Nikephoros II Phokas
Definition by Michael Goodyear

Nikephoros II Phokas

Nikephoros II Phokas was Byzantine emperor from 963 to 969 CE. Known as “White Death of the Saracens,” Nikephoros was a fearsome commander who conquered Crete, Cilicia, and much of Syria. While he is known as a great military commander, he...
Constantine V
Definition by Mark Cartwright

Constantine V

Constantine V, also known as Constantine the Dung-named by his enemies, was emperor of the Byzantine empire from 741 to 775 CE. He enjoyed military successes in the Middle East and Balkans but his reign is chiefly remembered for his systematic...
A Pair of Lions from Tell Harmal at the Iraq Museum
Image by Osama Shukir Muhammed Amin

A Pair of Lions from Tell Harmal at the Iraq Museum

Two terracotta lions found at the entrance to the Dagan Temple at Tell Harmal (ancient Shaduppum), in the eastern outskirt of Baghdad, Old Babylonian period, c. 1800 BCE. The temple was a typical Old-Babylonian one, with a short staircase...
Nikephoros I
Definition by Mark Cartwright

Nikephoros I

Nikephoros I ruled as emperor of the Byzantine Empire from 802 to 811 CE. A former finance minister who did much to improve the state economy, Nikephoros was not particularly popular with the empire's overtaxed peasants and overregulated...
The Bassetki Statue at the Iraq Museum
Image by Osama Shukir Muhammed Amin

The Bassetki Statue at the Iraq Museum

This statue weighs about 150 Kg and is made of pure copper, a more difficult casting that requires a much higher temperature than that of bronze. The diameter of the rounded pedestal is about 67 cm and the height of the surviving statue is...
Figurine from Tell es-Sawwan
Image by Osama Shukir Muhammed Amin

Figurine from Tell es-Sawwan

This small marble figurine was found at Tell es-Sawwan. Probably, it represents a mother goddess. The eyes are inlaid with shells set in bitumen. Tell es-Sawwan is an ancient archaeological site in Saladin Province (about 110 Km north of...
Akkadian Soldier on Naram-Sin Victory Stele from Wasit
Image by Osama Shukir Muhammed Amin

Akkadian Soldier on Naram-Sin Victory Stele from Wasit

This alabaster stele (with different registers) was fragmented when originally found and only three fragments have survived; two are in the Iraq Museum in Baghdad and one is in the Museum of Fine Arts, Boston, USA. The stele commemorates...
Naram-Sin Victory Stele from Wasit
Image by Osama Shukir Muhammed Amin

Naram-Sin Victory Stele from Wasit

This alabaster stele (with different registers) was fragmented when originally found and only three fragments have survived; two are in the Iraq Museum in Baghdad and one is in the Museum of Fine Arts, Boston, USA. The stele commemorates...
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