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Religious Developments in Ancient India
For well over 1,000 years, sacred stories and heroic epics have made up the mythology of Hinduism. Nothing in these complex yet colourful legends is fixed and firm. Pulsing with creation, destruction, love, and war, it shifts and changes...
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Winning Against the Odds: Sargon II & the Urartu Campaign
It is often when one is faced with the most difficult circumstances that one is given the greatest opportunity for clarity. History provides ample evidence of this experience in showing how, when faced with seemingly impossible situations...
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Ancient Persian Government
The government of ancient Persia was based on an efficient bureaucracy which combined the centralization of power with the decentralization of administration. The Achaemenid Empire (c. 550-330 BCE) founded by Cyrus the Great (r. c. 550-530...
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The Spread of Islam in Ancient Africa
Following the conquest of North Africa by Muslim Arabs in the 7th century CE, Islam spread throughout West Africa via merchants, traders, scholars, and missionaries, that is largely through peaceful means whereby African rulers either tolerated...
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High-Ranking Assyrian Officials
An almost 3-meter-high alabaster bas-relief depicting four high-ranking Assyrian officials or dignitaries, stepping forward to greet the Assyrian king, Sargon II. From the Royal Palace of Sargon II at Khorsabad, in modern-day Nineveh Governorate...
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Decapitated Heads of Assyrian Enemies
Alabaster bas-relief showing Assyrian soldiers holding the decapitated heads of their defeated enemy before Assyrian musicians. Neo-Assyrian Period, 865-860 BCE. Detail of Panel 6 (top), Room B, the North-Palace Palace, Nimrud, modern-day...
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Assyrian Relief Showing Babylonian Prisoners
Assyrian alabaster panel showing Babylonian prisoners in a camp, from the North Palace at Nineveh, Northern Mesopotamia, modern-day Iraq, Neo-Assyrian Empire, reign of Ashurbanipal II, 668-630 BCE. To the left, an Assyrian soldier stands...
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Assyrian Military Campaign Against Syria
Assyrian wall panel from the Central Palace at Nimrud (ancient Kalhu), Mesopotamia, Iraq, reused later in the South-West Palace, from the reign of Tiglath-Pileser III, c. 728 BCE. The panel, one of a series, shows 2 disconnected scenes...
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Decapitated Soldier, Assyrian Relief
Alabaster bas-relief sowing a beheaded soldier; he was an Assyrian enemy. An Assyrian cavalry is passing over him. Neo-Assyrian Period, 865-860 BCE. Detail of Panel 9 (top), Room B, the North-Palace Palace, Nimrud, modern-day Iraq. (The British...
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Assyrian Slingers Attacking the City of -alammu
Assyrian relief depicting a siege, from Room XIV, the South-West Palace at Nineveh, Mesopotamia, modern-day Iraq, Neo-Assyrian Empire, reign of Sennacherib, 700-692 BCE. The attack starts with slingers hurling stones towards the enemy at...