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French Revolutionary Wars
Definition

French Revolutionary Wars

The French Revolutionary Wars (1792-1802) were a series of conflicts that arose from the tensions surrounding the French Revolution (1789-1799). The wars were fought between Revolutionary France and several European powers, most notably Austria...
Map of the Russian Revolution & Collapse of Tsarism, 1917–18
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Map of the Russian Revolution & Collapse of Tsarism, 1917–18

The Russian Revolution of 1917 marked the collapse of imperial authority and the emergence of a radically new political order. Years of military defeat, economic strain, and social inequality culminated in the February Revolution (8–16 March...
Storming of the Bastille
Definition

Storming of the Bastille

The Storming of the Bastille was a decisive moment in the early months of the French Revolution (1789-1799). On 14 July 1789, the Bastille, a fortress and political prison symbolizing the oppressiveness of France’s Ancien Régime was attacked...
Storming of the Tuileries Palace
Definition

Storming of the Tuileries Palace

The Storming of the Tuileries Palace, also commonly known as the Insurrection of 10 August, was a defining moment in the French Revolution (1789-99) that saw the armed revolutionaries of Paris invade the residence of King Louis XVI of France...
French Republican Calendar
Definition

French Republican Calendar

The French Republican calendar, also known as the French Revolutionary calendar, was created during the French Revolution (1789-1799) in an attempt to build a new society separate from the vestiges of the Ancien Régime. First implemented...
Jacques-Pierre Brissot
Definition

Jacques-Pierre Brissot

Jacques-Pierre Brissot de Warville (1754-1793) was a French journalist, abolitionist, and politician who played a prominent role in the French Revolution (1789-1799). A leader of the Girondins, a moderate political faction, Brissot was instrumental...
Honoré-Gabriel Riqueti, comte de Mirabeau
Definition

Honoré-Gabriel Riqueti, comte de Mirabeau

Honoré-Gabriel Riqueti, comte de Mirabeau (l. 1749-1791) was a French orator and nobleman who rose to prominence as a leader during the early stages of the French Revolution (1789-1799). From the disgraced and scandalized son of a distinguished...
Champ de Mars Massacre
Definition

Champ de Mars Massacre

The Champ de Mars Massacre was an incident that took place on 17 July 1791, when soldiers of the National Guard under the Marquis de Lafayette opened fire on a crowd of demonstrators, who were calling for a referendum on the king's abdication...
Map of the Russian Revolution of 1905
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Map of the Russian Revolution of 1905

This map illustrates the Russian Revolution of 1905, a wave of political and social unrest across the Russian Empire following defeat in the Russo-Japanese War (1904-5). The revolution was sparked by Bloody Sunday on 22 January 1905, when...
Islam
Definition

Islam

Islam is an Abrahamic-monotheistic religion based upon the teachings of Prophet Muhammad ibn Abdullah (l. 570-632 CE, after whose name Muslims traditionally add “peace be upon him” or, in writing, PBUH). Alongside Christianity and Judaism...
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