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From the days of the hoplites through the creation of the legionary until the fall of the Roman Empire in the west, the Roman army remained a feared opponent, and the Roman legionary's weapons and armor, albeit with minor modifications, remained...

The many Roman walls still visible today throughout Europe and the Mediterranean, be they defensive walls such as the Servian Wall or house and monument walls, tell us a great deal about the evolution of Roman construction techniques. Roman...

The central forum piazza, about the size of a football field was a place of meeting and socialization, assembly, voting, riots and entertainment (gladiator fights). This site was inundated with statuary of every type, hemmed in with honorary...

The Oval Plaza of Gerasa (Jerash, Jordan), built in the beginning of the 2nd century CE to connect the Cardo Maximus with the Sanctuary of Zeus. The colonnades were of Ionic order, with the pillars standing on low blocks.

Situated in North Greece at the border of East Macedonia and Thrace, ancient Philippi stood about 16 km N-NW of the port city Neapolis (modern Kavalla) and originally bore the name Krenides (from the Greek for “spring”) in recognition of...

If there was one thing the Roman people loved it was spectacle and the opportunity of escapism offered by weird and wonderful public shows which assaulted the senses and ratcheted up the emotions. Roman rulers knew this well and so to increase...

A Roman gladiator was an ancient professional fighter who usually specialised with particular weapons and types of armour. They fought before the public in hugely popular organised games held in large purpose-built arenas throughout the Roman...

Roman philosophy played a significant role in the growth and development of Western thought. While not involved directly in the development of original philosophical thought, Rome made significant contributions in two ways: by conveying Greek...

Childeric I (r. c. 458-481) was a late antiquity king of the Salian Franks during the period of the fall of the Western Roman Empire. Childeric's reign solidified the Salians as a dominant Frankish tribe and helped pave the way for the unification...

In the late 6th century BCE, the small city-state of Rome overthrew the shackles of monarchy and created a republican government that, in theory if not always in practice, represented the wishes of its citizens. From this basis the city would...