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The Forum of Sala Colonia (modern-day Rabat in Morocco) was a trapezoidal structure paved with large blue limestone slabs. Built during the reign of Trajan (r. 98-117 CE), this public square was closed by two monumental gates. Bases of honorary...

To many historians, the fall of the Western Roman Empire in the 5th century CE has always been viewed as the end of the ancient world and the onset of the Middle Ages, often improperly called the Dark Ages, despite Petrarch's assertion. Since...

The Roman legionary was a well-trained and disciplined foot soldier, fighting as part of a professional well-organized unit, the legion (Latin: legio), established by the Marian Reforms. While major tactical changes appeared during the final...

The Romans are known for their remarkable engineering feats, be they roads, bridges, tunnels, or their impressive aqueducts. Their constructions, many of them still standing, are a testament to their superior engineering skills and ingenuity...

The exact role and status of women in the Roman world, and indeed in most ancient societies, has often been obscured by the biases of both ancient male writers and 19-20th century CE male scholars, a situation only relatively recently redressed...

The Romans assimilated earlier Greek science for their own purposes, evaluating and then accepting or rejecting that which was most useful, much as they did in other fields such as warfare, art, and theatre. This assimilation of Greek thought...

There was no compulsory state education for children in any of the western provinces of the Roman Empire. The primary sources are sparse when it comes to the education in Roman Spain, and while some scholars argue for a network of schools...

The Regia was an old (7th Century BCE) structure that may have first been the king's house in the regal period. By the time of the Augustus, it took on its definitive appearance, faced with Carrara marble. The structure had a number of...

Roman invective (uituperatio lat.) was the rhetorical and literary genre that aimed at systematically and publicly blaming a political foe to set him aside from the whole community and turn the audience against him during judicial, forensic...

The Forum Boarium was a food and cattle market in ancient Rome - as well as the site of the first gladiatorial match in Rome. Learn more about Ancient Rome at https://ancientromelive.org/ This content is brought to you by The American...