Ancient Persian Religion & Mythology

Joshua J. Mark
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Ancient Persian religion developed in the region of Greater Iran by the 3rd millennium BCE and corresponds to what is known today as ancient Persian mythology. This belief system informed the Persian Achaemenid Empire, even after the acceptance of Zoroastrianism, as well as the later Parthian Empire and Sassanian Empire. Zoroastrianism is still practiced today.

The ancient religion of Iran was polytheistic and was eventually replaced by the monotheism of Zoroastrianism. Even so, shrines and sites sacred to deities such as Mithra and Anahita continued to draw adherents up through the 7th century CE when the region was conquered by the Arab Muslims.

Articles & Definitions

Ancient Persian Religion
Definition

Ancient Persian Religion

Ancient Persian religion was a polytheistic faith which corresponds roughly to what is known today as ancient Persian mythology...
Ancient Persian Mythology
Definition

Ancient Persian Mythology

The mythology of ancient Persia originally developed in the region known as Greater Iran (the Caucasus, Central Asia...
Ancient Persian Gods, Heroes, and Creatures - The Complete List
Article

Ancient Persian Gods, Heroes, and Creatures - The Complete List

The term 'mythology' comes from the Greek mythos (story-of-the-people) and logos (word or...
Zarathustra
Definition

Zarathustra

Zarathustra (also given as Zoroaster, Zartosht, Zarathustra Spitama, l. c. 1500-1000 BCE) was the Persian priest-turned-prophet who...
Zoroastrianism
Definition

Zoroastrianism

Zoroastrianism is the monotheistic faith established by the Persian prophet Zoroaster (also given as Zarathustra, Zartosht) between...
Zorvanism
Definition

Zorvanism

Zorvanism (also given as Zuvanism, Zurvanism) was a sect of the Persian religion Zoroastrianism which emerged in the late Achaemenid...
Ahura Mazda
Definition

Ahura Mazda

Ahura Mazda (also known as Ahuramazda, Harzoo, Hormazd, Hourmazd, Hurmuz, Ohrmazd, 'Lord' or 'Spirit') is the highest spirit worshipped...
Ahriman
Definition

Ahriman

Ahriman is the evil spirit in Early Iranian Religion, Zoroastrianism, and Zorvanism, Lord of Darkness and Chaos, and the source of human...
Faravahar
Definition

Faravahar

The faravahar is the best-known symbol from ancient Persia of the winged sun disk with a seated male figure in the center. It is thought...
Death and the Afterlife in Ancient Persia
Article

Death and the Afterlife in Ancient Persia

A vision of the afterlife is articulated by every culture, ancient or modern, in an effort to answer the question...
Avesta
Definition

Avesta

The Avesta is the scripture of Zoroastrianism which developed from an oral tradition founded by the prophet Zoroaster (Zarathustra, Zartosht...
Shahnameh
Definition

Shahnameh

The Shahnameh (“Book of Kings”, composed 977-1010 CE) is a medieval epic written by the poet Abolqasem Ferdowsi (l. c. 940-1020 CE...

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Questions & Answers

Was ancient Persian religion polytheistic?

Yes. Ancient Persian religion was polytheistic until the rise of Zoroastrianism c. 1500-1000 BCE.

What was the main religion of ancient Persia?

The main religion of ancient Persia was Zoroastrianism, a monotheistic belief system.

Who was Zoroaster?

Zoroaster (also known as Zarathustra) was a Persian prophet and the founder of Zoroastrianism.

What is the Avesta?

The Avesta is the scripture of Zoroastrianism. The name is thought to mean "Praise", although this interpretation has been challenged.
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