Family Tree of the Royal House of Stuart 1603-1714
Rulers of Scotland from 1371 and of England and Ireland from 1603, the House of Stuart presided over an era of dynastic union, religious conflict, civil war, regicide, and eventual restoration. Their story culminated with the Act of Union in 1707 and ended in 1714, when the crown passed to the House of Hanover under the Act of Settlement.
The Stuart era began with Mary, Queen of Scots (1542–1587), whose execution left her son James VI of Scotland to unite the crowns as James I of England in 1603. His reign produced the King James Bible (1611) and firm ideas of divine monarchy, but his son Charles I ignited the English Civil War, which cost him his throne and life. The monarchy returned with Charles II in 1660, remembered for the Great Fire of London and a vibrant court, while his brother James II & VII was deposed in the Glorious Revolution of 1688, ushering in parliamentary supremacy under William III and Mary II. The final Stuart, Queen Anne (1702–1714), oversaw both the War of the Spanish Succession and the creation of Great Britain, closing a dynasty that reshaped the British monarchy.
