The Barracks Emperors of Rome, 235 - 284 CE
This infographic illustrates the Crisis of the Third Century (235 to 284 CE), a period of chaos in the Roman Empire marked by rapid turnover of emperors, military coups, invasions, and economic collapse. The term “Barracks Emperors” refers to the many rulers elevated by the army during this era, often reigning briefly before being overthrown or killed. The imperial throne changed hands dozens of times, revealing the instability and fragmentation of Roman authority.
Following the assassination of Emperor Severus Alexander in 235 CE, the empire descended into crisis as military commanders seized power with little regard for dynastic continuity or senatorial legitimacy. Some of these emperors, such as Decius (reign 249 to 251 CE), Valerian (reign 253 to 260 CE), and Gallienus (reign 253 to 268 CE), came from the senatorial class, while others rose from humble or provincial origins. External threats from the Sassanid Empire, Germanic tribes, and internal revolts further destabilized the realm. The crisis persisted until the ascension of Diocletian in 284 CE, whose administrative reforms and consolidation of power helped restore order and end the era of military anarchy.
