Philosopher: Did you mean...?

Co-authored by Steven Umbrello and Tina Forsee It is very common to hear in both academic circles, as well as more close-knit Stoic circles, Marcus Aurelius (121 – 180 CE) being referred to...

Archelaus of Athens (l. c. 5th century BCE) was a Pre-Socratic philosopher in ancient Greece who claimed the first cause of existence was the opposition of cold and heat which caused the separation of the universal essence...

A philosopher sitting on a rock. Byzantine Mosaic, Period: Early Byzantine, circa: 6th century CE. Place: Constantinople, (Modern Istanbul, Turkey). Great Palace Mosaic Museum, Istanbul, Turkey. The Great Palace...

Plato's concept of the Philosopher-King (one who governs according to philosophical precepts and higher truths) is thought to be best exemplified through the Roman emperor Marcus Aurelius Antoninus (r. 161-180...

Cynic philosopher, wife of Crates of Thebes (l. c. 360 – 280 BCE), and mother of his children, Hipparchia of Maroneia (l. c. 350 – 280 BCE) defied social norms in order to live her...

Xenophanes of Colophon (l.c. 570-c.478 BCE) is known as one of the Pre-Socratic philosophers of ancient Greece, so-called because they pre-date Socrates (l. c. 470/469-399 BCE), recognized as the Father of...

Marble head of a philosopher, early Roman copy (2nd century BCE) of a bronze Greek original from the 4th century BCE. Archaeological Museum of Corfu.

The bronze head of a Greek philosopher. 4th century BCE, Brundisium, southern Italy. (Archaeological Museum of Brindisi, Italy)

This marble bust depicts either a philosopher or a monk. Late 4th to early 5th century CE. From Gedikpaşa, Fatih, Istanbul, in modern-day Turkey. (Museum of Archaeology, Istanbul, Turley).

1st- or 2nd-century CE Roman copy of a Greek statue of the last quarter of the 3rd century BCE. There are striking similarities between this head and portraits of Aristotle (384–322 BCE), but the identity of this man...