Images

The first taifa period followed the collapse of Umayyad authority in al-Andalus. The Umayyad Emirate of Córdoba (756–929) had become the Caliphate of Córdoba (929–1031), but civil war and elite rivalry broke central power apart, leading to...

The American Revolutionary War or American War of Independence (1775–1783) began as a crisis within the British Empire and developed into a war for sovereignty. Thirteen colonies in British North America resisted imperial taxation, tighter...

Title page of Georgius Agricola's De re metallica, woodcut print, 1561. National Library of Medicine, Bethesda.

A detail of a relief sculpture by Peter Kirchhoff depicting the Great Trek of the 1830s, when Boers in Southern Africa migrated northwards away from British-controlled territory in order ot establish new independent settlements of their own...

The First Anglo-Boer War (1880-1881) emerged from growing tensions following the British annexation of the South African Republic (Transvaal) in 1877 during the reign of Victoria (reign 1837-1901). The conflict reflected broader themes of...

A photograph of a local village fortified by the British during the Boer War (1899-1902). Imperial War Museums, London

A photograph of British soldiers training in the use of a machine gun duirng the Boer War (1899-1902). Imperial War Museums, London.

A photograph of an African spy and his wife during the Boer War (1899-1902). Local Africans were used for gaining military intelligence by both the Boers and British during the conflict. Imperial War Museums, London.

A photograph of a British ambulance wagon during the Boer War (1899-1902). Imperial War Museums, London.

A photograph of a horse-drawn wagon during the Boer War (1899-1902). Both the Boers and British were heavily reliant on Black African transport drivers during the conflict. Imperial War Museums, London.