The Pharaoh in ancient Egypt was the political and religious leader of the people and held the titles 'Lord of the Two Lands' and 'High Priest of Every Temple'. The word 'pharaoh' is the Greek form of the Egyptian pero or per-a-a, which was the designation for the royal residence and means `Great House'.
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Definition
Timeline
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3150 BCE - 2613 BCEEarly Dynastic Period in Egypt. First Kings.
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c. 3150 BCE - c. 3100 BCEReign of Menes, aka Narmer, the first king who is thought to have unified Upper and Lower Egypt.
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c. 3150 BCEKing Menes unifies Egypt through conquest.
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2613 BCE - 2589 BCEReign of Sneferu, first king of 4th Dynasty of Egypt.
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c. 2613 BCE - c. 2181 BCEThe Period of the Old Kingdom of Egypt.
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2589 BCE - 2566 BCEReign of King Khufu (Cheops), builder of the Great Pyramid of Giza, in Egypt.
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2566 BCE - 2558 BCEReign of King Djedefre in Egypt.
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2558 BCE - 2532 BCEReign of King Khafre, builder of the second pyramid at Giza, in Egypt.
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2532 BCE - 2503 BCEReign of King Menkaure, builder of the third pyramid at Giza, in Egypt.
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2503 BCE - 2498 BCEReign of the King Shepsekaf in Egypt.
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2498 BCE - 2491 BCEReign of the King Userkaf in Egypt.
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2490 BCE - 2477 BCEReign of King Sahure in Egypt.
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2477 BCE - 2467 BCEReign of the King Neferiskare Kakai in Egypt.
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2460 BCE - 2458 BCEReign of the King Neferefre in Egypt.
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c. 2458 BCE - c. 2457 BCEReign of King Shepseskare in Egypt.
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c. 2445 BCE - 2422 BCEReign of the King Nyussere Ini of Egypt.
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2422 BCE - 2414 BCEReign of King Menkauhor in Egypt.
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2414 BCE - 2375 BCEReign of King Djedkare Isesi in Egypt.
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2375 BCE - 2345 BCEReign of King Unas in Egypt.
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2345 BCE - 2333 BCEReign of King Teti in Egypt.
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2333 BCE - 2332 BCEReign of King Userkare in Egypt.
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2332 BCE - 2283 BCEReign of King Pepi I in Egypt.
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2283 BCE - 2278 BCEReign of King Merenre Nemtyensaf I in Egypt.
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2278 BCE - 2184 BCEReign of King Pepi II in Egypt.
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c. 2184 BCEReign of King Merenre Nemtyemsaf II in Egypt.
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2184 BCE - 2181 BCEReign of King Netjerkare, last ruler of the Old Kingdom of Egypt.
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2040 BCE - 1782 BCEThe Middle Kingdom of Egypt.
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c. 1550 BCE - 1525 BCEReign of Ahmose I, Pharaoh of Egypt.
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1525 BCE - 1504 BCEReign of Amenhotep I, pharaoh of Egypt.
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1504 BCE - 1492 BCEReign of Thutmose I, Pharaoh of Egypt.
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1492 BCE - 1479 BCEReign of Thutmose II, pharaoh of Egypt.
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1479 BCE - 1458 BCEQueen Hatshepsut rules Egypt.
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1473 BCEHatshepsut has herself crowned pharaoh of Egypt and begins to be depicted as a male pharaoh.
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1458 BCE - 1425 BCEReign of Thutmose III in Egypt.
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1427 BCE - 1400 BCEReign of Amenhotep II, pharaoh of Egypt.
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1400 BCE - 1390 BCEReign of Thutmose IV, pharaoh of Egypt.
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1353 BCE - c. 1336 BCEReign of Akhenaten, Tutankhamun's father, 'Heretic King' of Egypt.
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1327 BCE - 1323 BCEReign of Ay, pharaoh of Egypt.
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c. 1303 BCEBirth of Ramesses II of Egypt.
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1295 BCE - 1294 BCEThe reign of Ramesses I in Egypt.
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1294 BCE - 1279 BCEThe reign of Seti I in Egypt.
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1279 BCE - 1212 BCEReign of Ramesses II (The Great) in Egypt.
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1212 BCE - 1202 BCEReign of Merneptah in Egypt.
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1202 BCE - c. 1200 BCEReign of Amenmesse in Egypt.
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1200 BCE - 1194 BCEReign of Seti II.
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1194 BCE - 1188 BCEReign of Siptah in Egypt.
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1188 BCE - 1186 BCEReign of Queen Twosret in Egypt.
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1186 BCE - 1184 BCEReign of Sethnakht, pharaoh of Egypt.
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1184 BCE - 1153 BCEReign of Ramesses III, Pharaoh of Egypt.
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1153 BCE - 1147 BCEReign of Ramesses IV, pharaoh of Egypt.
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1147 BCE - 1143 BCEReign of Ramesses V, pharaoh of Egypt.
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1143 BCE - 1136 BCEReign of Ramesses VI, pharaoh of Egypt.
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1136 BCE - 1129 BCEReign of Ramesses VII, pharaoh of Egypt.
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1129 BCE - 1126 BCEReign of Ramesses VIII, pharaoh of Egypt.
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1126 BCE - 1108 BCEReign of Ramesses IX, pharaoh of Egypt.
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1108 BCE - 1099 BCEReign of Ramesses X, pharaoh of Egypt.
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1099 BCE - 1069 BCEReign of Ramesses XI, pharaoh of Egypt.
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664 BCE - 610 BCEReign of Psamtik I, pharaoh of Egypt.
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664 BCEPsamtik I becomes Pharoah in Egypt.
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610 BCE - 595 BCEReign of Necho II, pharaoh of Egypt.
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595 BCE - 589 BCEReign of Psamtik II, pharaoh of Egypt.
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589 BCE - 570 BCEReign of Apries, pharaoh of Egypt.
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570 BCE - 526 BCERule of Pharaoh Amasis of Egypt, who built a shrine to Ammon at Siwa.
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526 BCE - 525 BCEReign of Psamtik III, pharaoh of Egypt.
