Pergamon (also Pergamum) was a major intellectual and cultural center in Mysia (northwest Asia Minor, modern-day Turkey) which flourished under the Attalid Dynasty (281-133 BCE) during the Hellenistic Period. It was the capital of the Kingdom of Pergamon and remained an important city for the Romans, Byzantines, and Ottoman Turks until its abandonment.
More about: PergamonDefinition
Timeline
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282 BCE - 263 BCEPhiletaerus, founder of the Attalid Dynasty, governs Pergamon.
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263 BCE - 241 BCEReign of Eumenes I at Pergamon.
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262 BCEEumenes rebels and wins against the Seleucid Antiochus I. Beginning of the Pergamon Empire.
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241 BCE - 197 BCEReign of Attalus I at Pergamon.
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c. 237 BCE - 241 BCEAttalus I of Pergamon defeats the Galatians at the headwaters of the Caioc River.
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218 BCEThe Aegosages Celts enter Anatolia under Attalos of Pergamon.
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197 BCE - 159 BCEReign of Eumenes II at Pergamon.
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188 BCEMaximum extent of the Pergamon Empire after Apamea peace.
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c. 188 BCEThe treaty of Apamea Kibotos. Peace and alliance is established between the Seleucid Empire and Rome joined by its allies, such as Pergamon and Rhodes. The Seleucids have to evacuate all the land and the cities from Asia Minor and to pay a huge war indemnity.
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187 BCE - 183 BCEThe Attalids of Pergamon are at war with Bithynia.
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183 BCE - 179 BCEThe Attalids of Pergamon are at war with Pontius.
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160 BCE - 138 BCEReign of Attalus II at Pergamon.
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138 BCE - 133 BCEReign of Attalus III at Pergamon.
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133 BCEAttalus III, the last king of Pergamon, bequeathes the whole of Pergamon to Rome.
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133 BCE - 129 BCEEumenes III ("The Pretender") claims title to the Attalid throne and rebels; defeated by Rome, the Kingdom of Pergamon falls.