Timeline: Judaism

• c. 1000 BCE
  Tentative date of the composition of the Torah's J source.
• c. 1000 BCE
  Emergence of Yahwism.
• c. 900 BCE
  Tentative date of the composition of the Torah's E source.
• c. 621 BCE
  Tentative date of the composition of the Torah's D source.
• 597 BCE - 587 BCE
  Jews are deported to Babylonia.
• 587 BCE - 539 BCE
  Jewish exile in Babylonia.
• 586 BCE
  Destruction of the First Temple in Jerusalem and exile of upper class Judeans.
• 539 BCE
  Fall of Babylon, conquered by Cyrus of Persia. Return of the Jews.
• 539 BCE - c. 330 BCE
  Tentative date of the redactional (=editorial) activity of the Torah's P source.
• c. 516 BCE
  The temple in Jerusalem, destroyed in 586 BCE by the Babylonians, is rebuilt.
• c. 250 BCE
  Torah is translated into Greek in Alexandria, Egypt.
• 167 BCE - 160 BCE
  The Maccabean Revolt.
• 70 CE
  The city of Jerusalem is besieged and captured by Rome; the Second Temple destroyed.
• 132 CE - 136 CE
  The Bar-Kochba Revolt.
• c. 137 CE
  The Bar Kokhba Revolt in Judea.
• c. 600 CE
  Babylonian Talmud is compiled.
• 17 Jul 1296 CE
  The Illuminated Hebrew Bible (Rothschild Pentateuch) is completed with over 500 illustrations and 155 pages of gold and silver illumination. Among the most famous medieval Hebrew bibles, the work is presently in the collection of the Getty Museum.
• 8 Apr 1730 CE
  The first synagogue in North America is dedicated, Congregation Shearith Israel, on Mill Street, New York City, serving the congregation established in 1654 by Jewish refugees from Brazil.
• 23 Oct 1760 CE
  The first Jewish prayer book is printed in North America and published in New York by Congregation Shearith Israel, ending the policy of relying on books from Europe.
• 2 Dec 1763 CE
  The Touro Synagogue is formally dedicated by the Jeshuat Israel congregation of Newport, Rhode Island, USA. It is the only extant synagogue from the period of Colonial America and the oldest synagogue in North America. The building was declared a National Historic Site in 1946.
• 13 Oct 1843 CE
  The Jewish service organization B'nai B'rith is founded at Aaron Sinsheimer's Café on the Lower East Side of New York City as a secret lodge to combat anti-Semitism and advance the interests of the Jewish people.
• 2 Nov 1917 CE
  The Balfour Declaration is sent in a letter from British foreign secretary Arthur Balfour to Lord Rothschild of the Jewish community proclaiming Britain's support for the establishment of a "national home for the Jewish people" in Palestine. The declaration was published November 9, stipulating that "nothing shall be done which may prejudice the civil and religious rights of existing non-Jewish communities in Palestine.".
• 27 Dec 1935 CE
  Regina Jonas becomes the first woman ordained as Reform rabbi in Berlin, Germany, despite protests from many men in the Liberal Rabbis' Association. Even after ordination, Jonas was denied a position at Berlin's synagogue, so she held her own services until Nazi persecution made that impossible. She was arrested in 1942 and was later among the many killed at Auschwitz in 1944.
• 12 Aug 1952 CE
  The event known as The Night of the Murdered Poets occurs at the Lubyanka Prison, Moscow, Soviet Union, when thirteen Soviet Jewish intellectuals and writers of the Jewish Anti-Fascist Committee are executed, having been arrested on trumped up charges.