Timeline
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c. 1000 BCETentative date of the composition of the Torah's J source.
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c. 1000 BCEEmergence of Yahwism.
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c. 900 BCETentative date of the composition of the Torah's E source.
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c. 621 BCETentative date of the composition of the Torah's D source.
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597 BCE - 587 BCEJews are deported to Babylonia.
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587 BCE - 539 BCEJewish exile in Babylonia.
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586 BCEDestruction of the First Temple in Jerusalem and exile of upper class Judeans.
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539 BCE - c. 330 BCETentative date of the redactional (=editorial) activity of the Torah's P source.
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539 BCEFall of Babylon, conquered by Cyrus of Persia. Return of the Jews.
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c. 516 BCEThe temple in Jerusalem, destroyed in 586 BCE by the Babylonians, is rebuilt.
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c. 250 BCETorah is translated into Greek in Alexandria, Egypt.
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167 BCE - 160 BCEThe Maccabean Revolt.
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70 CEThe city of Jerusalem is besieged and captured by Rome; the Second Temple destroyed.
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132 CE - 136 CEThe Bar-Kochba Revolt.
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c. 137 CEThe Bar Kokhba Revolt in Judea.
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c. 600 CEBabylonian Talmud is compiled.