Timeline
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600 BCECelts settle Iberia.
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500 BCECarthage expands into southern Spain.
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c. 260 BCETimaeos is the first to use the term 'Celtiberian' when refering to Celts living in Iberia.
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237 BCEHamilcar Barca arrives in southern Spain to expand Carthage's interests there. He makes his base at Gades and founds Acra Leuce.
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210 BCE - 207 BCEScipio Africanus conquers Spain for Rome.
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c. 22 Jun 207 BCERome defeats a Carthaginian army at the battle of Metaurus.
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206 BCE - 205 BCEThe Romans conquer Gades. End of the Carthaginian presence on the Iberian Peninsula.
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195 BCEMarcus Porcius Cato serves as consul and lands an army at Empuries in northeastern Spain to quash the Iberian revolt.
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191 BCE - 134 BCEVarious resistance movements against Rome in Iberia. Viriato leads the Lusitanians against Rome from 154 to 139 BC.
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133 BCERome captures Numantia. End of Iberian resistance.
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27 BCE - 19 BCECantabrian Wars: Roman conquest of the Iberian Penninsula.
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14 BCE - 96 CERome launches an extensive cultural patronage and construction programme in Iberia.
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429 CEVandals cross Spain to the Maghreb.
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462 CEVisigoths expand into Spain.
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507 CEClovis defeats the Visigoths and drives them into the Iberian peninsula.
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554 CEByzantine Empire conquers southern Iberia.
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571 CEVisigoths conquer Cordoba.
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783 CEThe city of Zaragoza falls to forces from the Emirate of Cordoba.
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784 CEAbd al-Rahman I begins construction on the Great Mosque of Cordoba.
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788 CEDeath of Abd al-Rahman I of the Emirate of Cordoba.
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18 Dec 890 CEAbd al-Rahman III is born in Cordoba.
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912 CEDeath of 'Abd Allah, Emir of Cordoba.
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912 CE - 961 CEReign of Abd al-Rahman III.
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912 CEAbd al-Rahman III becomes the Emir of Cordoba.
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915 CEThe autonomous Muslim leader Umar ibn Hafsun surrenders to the Umayyad forces of Abd al-Rahman III.
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916 CEAbd al-Rahman III leads a campaign against the Kingdom of León.
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924 CEUmayyad forces sack the Navarrese capital of Pamplona.
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928 CEThe rebel city of Bobastro falls to Abd al-Rahman III.
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929 CEAbd al-Rahman III retakes the Lower March, including the city of Merida.
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929 CEAbd al-Rahman III declares himself caliph, transforming the Emirate of Cordoba into the Caliphate of Cordoba.
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932 CEAbd al-Rahman III retakes the city of Toledo from its regional warlord.
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934 CEAbd al-Rahman III leads a northern campaign against Zaragoza, Navarre, and León and receives the submission of Navarre.
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936 CEAbd al-Rahman III establishes the new Umayyad palace of Madinat al-Zahra outside of Cordoba.
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937 CEAbd al-Rahman III retakes the city of Zaragoza from its autonomous ruler, Muhammad ibn Hashim al-Tujibi.
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939 CELeónese forces defeat the Umayyads at the Battle of Simancas (also known as the Battle of Alhandega).
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940 CEPeace treaty between the Caliphate of Cordoba and the Kingdom of León.
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950 CEBarcelona becomes a vassal of Abd al-Rahman III of Cordoba.
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957 CEUmayyad forces raid Navarre and León.
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958 CEThe kings of Navarre and León become vassals of Abd al-Rahman III.
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961 CEAbd al-Rahman III dies.
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1031 CEFall of the Umayyad Caliphate of Cordoba.
