Search Results
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656 - 661The murder of Caliph Uthman causes the eruption of the First Fitna (civil war). Muawiya surfaces as a major opposer of the Rashidun Caliphate.
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661 - 750The Umayyad Dynasty rules the Islamic empire.
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661Muawiya, the governor of Syria, establishes the Umayyad Dynasty.
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680 - 692The Second Fitna (second Islamic civil war).
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680Husayn's death marks the start of the second civil war of Islamic history (Second Fitna).
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Oct 680Husayn ibn Ali, Shia Islam's third imam, is beheaded by Yazid I's force at the Battle of Karbala in present-day Iraq.
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685Al-Mukhtar starts his revolt; he joins hands withe Abdullah ibn Zubayr.
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687Al-Mukhtar has a falling out with Abdullah, owing to his support to the Alid faction - he is killed by Zubayrid forces.
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711 - 714Conquest of most of Spain by the Umayyad Dynasty.
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712Military conquests as far as the Beas river in parts of modern-day Pakistan by the Umayyad forces - under Muhammad ibn Qasim.
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713Successful annexation of modern-day Transoxiana by Qutayba ibn Muslim.
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715Sulayman rises to power; expansion of the Umayyad Caliphate is halted.
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717 - 718An unsuccessful attempt to take over Constantinople; after Sulayman's death, his successor Umar II calls back the forces.
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743 - 747The Third Fitna (civil war of the Islamic empire): Marwan II emerges as the victor.
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750Fall of the Umayyad Caliphate.
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750Start of the Abbasid Caliphate.
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756Abd al-Rahman I establishes the Emirate of Cordoba.
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756 - 788Reign of Abd al-Rahman I over the Emirate of Cordoba.