Robert Guiscard (1015-1085) was a Norman knight best known for conquering much of Southern Italy and Sicily during the 11th century. His many exploits include the expulsion of the Byzantines from Italy, support of a reformist papacy, and laying the foundations for a new Norman Kingdom to emerge in Sicily c. 1130.
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Definition
Timeline
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c. 1015 - 1085Life of the Norman knight Robert Guiscard.
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18 Jun 1053Battle of Civitate between a Norman coalition and a papal army.
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23 Aug 1059Synod of Melfi; Nicholas II formally invests Robert Guiscard as Duke of Apulia, Calabria, and Sicily.
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1068The Normans under Robert Guiscard begin the three-year siege of Bari, the Byzantine provincial capital of southern Italy.
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1071 - 1072Robert Guiscard besieges Palermo.
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1081 - 1082The Normans, led by Robert Guiscard, attack Byzantine Greece.
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1084The Sack of Rome by the Normans led by Robert Guiscard, duke of Apulia, during Rome's occupation by German king Henry IV.
